title stringlengths 3 83 | links list | pid stringlengths 3 6 | text stringlengths 549 8.52k | questions list |
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446th Operations Group | [
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"target": "Interdiction"
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"target": "Operation Overlord"
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"target": "Nor... | p_0 | The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
| [
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"text": " from 17 to 25 September 1944"
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... |
Campus of New York University | [
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"target": "Greenwich Village"
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"target": "Fifth Avenue"
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"target": "Washington Square Arch"
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"t... | p_1 | Since the late 1970s, the central part of NYU is its Washington Square campus in the heart of Greenwich Village. Despite being public property, and expanding the Fifth Avenue axis into Washington Square Park, the Washington Square Arch is the unofficial symbol of NYU. Until 2008, NYU's commencement ceremony was held in Washington Square Park. However, due to space constraints, ceremonies are now held at the Yankee Stadium. Important facilities at Washington Square are the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, designed by Philip Johnson and Richard Foster, who also designed several other structures, such as Tisch Hall, Meyer Hall, and the Hagop Kevorkian Center. When designing these buildings Johnson and Foster also set up a master plan for a complete redesign of the NYU Washington Square campus. However, it was never implemented. Other historic buildings include the Silver Center (formerly known as "Main building"); the Brown Building of Science; Judson Hall, which houses the King Juan Carlos I of Spain Center; Vanderbilt Hall, the historic townhouse row on Washington Square North; The Grey Art Gallery at 100 Washington Square East, housing the New York University art collection and featuring museum quality exhibitions; the Kaufman Management Center; and the Torch Club – the NYU dining and club facility for alumni, faculty, and administrators. Just a block south of Washington Square is NYU's Washington Square Village, housing graduate students and junior and senior faculty residences in the Silver Towers, designed by I. M. Pei, where an enlargement of Picasso's sculpture Bust of Sylvette (1934) is displayed.
| [
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"text": "a large plaster and wood memorial arch "
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John Ford filmography | [
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"target": "Francis Ford (actor)... | p_2 | John Ford (1894–1973) was an American film director whose career spanned from 1913 to 1971. During this time he directed more than 140 films. Born in Maine, Ford entered the filmmaking industry shortly after graduating from high school with the help of his older brother, Francis Ford, who had established himself as a leading man and director for Universal Studios. After working as an actor, assistant director, stuntman, and prop man – often for his brother – Universal gave Ford the opportunity to direct in 1917. Initially working in short films, he quickly moved into features, largely with Harry Carey as his star. In 1920 Ford left Universal and began working for the Fox Film Corporation. During the next ten years he directed more than 30 films, including the westerns The Iron Horse (1924) and 3 Bad Men (1926), both starring George O'Brien, the war drama Four Sons and the Irish romantic drama Hangman's House (both 1928 and both starring Victor McLaglen). In the same year of these last two films, Ford directed his first all-talking film, the short Napoleon's Barber. The following year he directed his first all-talking feature, The Black Watch.
| [
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"text": "During this time he directed more than 140 films."
}... |
Indianapolis 500 traditions | [
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"target": "Indianapolis 500 pace cars"
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"target": "Mary Fendrich Hulman"
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... | p_3 | In most cases, Tony Hulman would give the command, then ride in the pace car during the pace laps. Mary F. Hulman would give the command near the pace car, but rarely rode in the pace car due to her age and declining health. Eventually, the location was moved to near the start/finish line, and in 2001, it was moved to the new Victory Podium stage adjacent to the Pagoda. In 2011 only, Mari George moved back to the front of the starting grid to give the command, and then she rode in the pace car with A. J. Foyt. In 2014, as a special gesture to Jim Nabors's final performance at Indy, the starting command was given in unison by both Mari George and Nabors, marking the first time a non-member of the Hulman-George family had given the command for the 500 since 1954. In 2016 for the 100th Indianapolis 500, now-matriarch Mari was joined by three subsequent generations of the Hulman-George family, who gave the command together. Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's final turn giving the command. Later that same year, Tony George gave the starting command for the Brickyard 400, his first time giving a command since a restart command in 1986. For the 2017 Indianapolis 500, the duty was permanently assigned to Tony George. In that year, Tony George began using the phrase "Drivers, start your engines" instead of the more familiar "Lady and gentlemen..." variation. However, for the 2019 race, George recited that latter variation.
| [
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"text": "Due to her advanced age, the 2016 race would be Mari's... |
George Glossop Walker | [
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"target": "Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1883... | p_4 | Walker's debut match for Derbyshire in the 1881 season was against Yorkshire when he never had the chance to bowl and scored 2 runs in each innings. He did not play again in that season nor in the 1882 season, and only played in two games in the 1883 season. In the 1884 and 1885 season, when William Cropper lead the bowling, he played more frequently and in 1885 took 7–105 against Nottinghamshire in one match and 5–87 in the other. In 1886 Walker was selected for two Gentlemen of England teams, in one of which against Australia he was in the team with his hero W.G. Grace. For the county he took 6–26 against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), and 7–38 and 5–75 in the same match against Surrey. In the 1887 season Walker took 5–54 for Derbyshire against Lancashire and 5–49 against Surrey. He continued playing regularly for the Derbyshire club between 1888 and 1893 when it was without first-class status. In 1894 took 7–108 for Gentlemen against Players with W. G. Grace in the side again although he never had the opportunity to bowl against him in any of his first-class games. He also took 5–24 for Derbyshire against Lancashire. In the 1896 season he took 9–85 against Leicestershire although his average was deteriorating. He played four games in the 1897 season and six in the 1898 season by which time his bowling made little impression, while Billy Bestwick was beginning to star.
| [
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"text": "and only played in two games in the 1883 season"
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... |
2008 Arizona Cardinals season | [
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"targ... | p_5 | The 2008 Arizona Cardinals season was the 89th season for the team in the National Football League and their 21st season in Arizona. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was "Shock The World!" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.)
| [
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"text": "The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl ap... |
Reformation | [
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"target": "Bible"
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... | p_6 | Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Treasury of Merit had no foundation in the Bible. The Reformation developed further to include a distinction between Law and Gospel, a complete reliance on Scripture as the only source of proper doctrine (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus is the only way to receive God's pardon for sin (sola fide) rather than good works. Although this is generally considered a Protestant belief, a similar formulation was taught by Molinist and Jansenist Catholics. The priesthood of all believers downplayed the need for saints or priests to serve as mediators, and mandatory clerical celibacy was ended. Simul justus et peccator implied that although people could improve, no one could become good enough to earn forgiveness from God. Sacramental theology was simplified and attempts at imposing Aristotelian epistemology were resisted.
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"text": "Although this is generally considered a Protestant belief... |
Heartbreak on a Full Moon | [
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"t... | p_7 | After selling 25,000 copies and earning 68,000 album-equivalent units within three days, Heartbreak on a Full Moon debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200, becoming Brown's ninth consecutive top 10 album on the chart. The album was Brown's seventh solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On November 8, 2017, Heartbreak on a Full Moon was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for combined sales and album-equivalent units of over 500,000 units in the United States (in this case, 250,000 double album sets, which are double-counted by the RIAA). Brown became the first R&B male artist that went gold in a week since Usher's Confessions in 2004. In its second chart week, the album remained at number three on Billboard 200, with 73,000 album-equivalent units. In Australia, it entered the ARIA Albums Chart at number five, becoming his first top ten in the nation since X in 2014. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, Brown's sixth non-consecutive top 10 album on the chart. The album was eventually certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales of over 60,000 copies in the UK. In New Zealand, the album debuted at number three on the RMNZ Albums Chart, giving Brown his seventh top ten album on the chart. Until June 2018, the album has accumulated over 3 billion streams worldwide.
| [
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... |
Mortlake | [
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... | p_8 | The Mortlake and Barnes Common ward of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames has proved highly marginal. In the 2010 local elections local Liberal Democrats lost all three seats to local Conservatives, the latter forming an administration on Richmond Council. This remained the case until the 2018 local elections when the Liberal Democrats regained one of the three seats by a single vote. The Liberal Democrats also regained control of the Council. Richmond Park, the constituency which includes Mortlake, had changed from Liberal Democrat to Conservative in the 2010 general election, was recaptured by the Liberal Democrats in the 2016 by-election, and finally reverted to Conservative MP Zac Goldsmith in the 2017 general election by a margin of only 45 votes. The London Assembly constituency South West, which includes Mortlake, is represented by former local councillor Tony Arbour (Conservative).
| [
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"text": "In the 2010 local elections local Liberal Democrats lost ... |
1st Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army) | [
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"target": "3rd Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army)"
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... | p_9 | In March 1945, the 1st Tank Division with its 5th Armored Regiment was reassigned to the Japanese home islands in preparation for the expected invasion by Allied forces. It gained the IJA 1st Armored Regiment from the 3rd Tank Division, and formed part of the IJA 36th Army under the Japanese Twelfth Area Army. The headquarters unit and IJA 1st Armored Regiment were based in Sano, Tochigi, with the IJA 5th Armored Regiment stationed at Ōtawara, Tochigi (and later relocated to Kazo, Saitama, and the IJA 1st Mechanized Infantry Regiment and the Division’s mechanized artillery stationed at Tochigi. Anticipating that Allied forces would land at Kujūkuri Beach, the 1st Tank Division was to hold a defensive line stretching from Mount Tsukuba to the Tama River, with forward units deployed to Choshi, Chiba. The surrender of Japan came before the landing, and the 1st Armored Division did not see any combat on Japanese soil.
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"text": "he headquarters unit and IJA 1st Armored Regiment were ba... |
Fredell Lack | [
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"target": "Tosca Kramer"
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"target": "Conc... | p_10 | Fredell Lack was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the oldest of three children of Jewish Eastern European (Latvian) immigrants, Abram I. Lack and Sarah Stillman Lack (who was a sister of noted painter Ary Stillman). She began violin lessons at age six, studying with Tosca Berger. When Fredell was 10, she moved with her family to Houston, Texas. There she studied with Josephine Boudreaux, the concertmaster of the Houston Symphony. At age 11, she first soloed with orchestra, performing the Wieniawski Concerto No. 2 with the Tulsa Philharmonic. At 12, Lack was accepted into the New York City studio of the legendary violinist and pedagogue Louis Persinger, whose other students included such artists as Yehudi Menuhin, Isaac Stern, and Ruggiero Ricci. She moved to New York and completed her pre-college schooling at the Bentley School while continuing her violin lessons with Persinger. At 17, she made her professional solo debut, playing the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto with the St. Louis Symphony. Subsequently she received a full scholarship to the Juilliard School in New York. She continued studying violin with Persinger there and also was deeply influenced by her study of chamber music with Felix Salmond. She received the Diploma from Juilliard at age 21.
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... |
All I Want for Christmas Is You | [
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"target": "Afrika Bambaataa"
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"target": "So... | p_11 | When the song was first released as a single in 1994, no remixes were commissioned. Carey re-released the song commercially in Japan in 2000, with a new remix known as the So So Def remix. The remix contains new vocals and is played over a harder, more urban beat that contains a sample of Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force's "Planet Rock;" it features guest vocals by Jermaine Dupri and Bow Wow. The remix appears on Carey's compilation album Greatest Hits (2001) as a bonus track. A video was created for the So So Def remix, but it does not feature Carey or the hip-hop musicians that perform in the song. Instead, the video is animated and based on a scene in the video from Carey's "Heartbreaker" (1999). It features cartoon cameo appearances by Carey, Jermaine Dupri, Bow Wow, Luis Miguel (Carey's boyfriend at the time), Carey's dog Jack, and Santa Claus. In 2009 and 2010, the song was included in a music video accompanying ESPN's (and their sister station, ABC) Christmas Day coverage of the NBA.
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"text": "Luis Miguel (Carey's boyfriend at the time)"
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... |
Ehelepola Walauwa | [
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"target": "Prime minister"
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"target": "Chief... | p_12 | Ehelepola Nilame (1773 – 1829) was a courtier of the Kingdom of Kandy. He was the first Adigar (a role which combined the powers of a prime minister and a chief justice) from 1811 to 1814 under the reign King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha. He was appointed by the king as the Disawe (local governor) of Sabaragamuva. In 1814 when the king believed he failed to suppress an uprising in Sabaragamuva he sent his forces to capture Ehelepola, who fled from Ratnapura to the British-occupied port of Kalutara. The king retaliated by brutally executing his wife, Kumarihamy and his four children, Loku Bandara, Madduma Bandara, Tikiri Manike and Dingiri Menike. Ehelepola then aided the British in launching an invasion of the Kingdom of Kandy and was instrumental in the Kandyan Convention that followed in March 1815, which led to the annexing of Kingdom of Kandy as part of the British Empire. Ehelepola offered his Walauwa to the Maha Sangha.
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"... |
Brian Bolland | [
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"target": "Pirate radio"
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"target": "Frank Zappa"
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"target": "Psy... | p_13 | Growing up as "and only child in a house without culture," (Bolland says that his "mother and father had no use for art, literature or music"), he embraced the late 1960s pop culture explosion of "pirate radio stations, music (particularly Frank Zappa...), drug taking, psychedelia, "peace and love," "dropping out," the underground scene, Oz Magazine," and other aspects of hippy culture epitomised by underground comix such as Robert Crumb's Zap Comix. Having taken both O-Level and A-Level examinations in art, Bolland spent five years at art school (starting in 1969) learning graphic design and Art history. Learning to draw comics, however, was "more a self-taught thing," with Bolland eventually writing a 15,000-word dissertation in 1973 on Neal Adams – an "artist [his teachers] had never heard of." He would later recall:
| [
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"text": "Rosemarie ( Collimore)"
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"passage": "frank zappa",
"start": 3187,
"text": "Francis Vince... |
History of personal computers | [
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"target": "Windows 3.1x"
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"target": "Windows 95"
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"target": "Steve Jo... | p_14 | Due to the sales growth of IBM clones in the '90s, they became the industry standard for business and home use. This growth was augmented by the introduction of Microsoft's Windows 3.0 operating environment in 1990, and followed by Windows 3.1 in 1992 and the Windows 95 operating system in 1995. The Macintosh was sent into a period of decline by these developments coupled with Apple's own inability to come up with a successor to the Macintosh operating system, and by 1996 Apple was almost bankrupt. In December 1996 Apple bought NeXT and in what has been described as a "reverse takeover", Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997. The NeXT purchase and Jobs' return brought Apple back to profitability, first with the release of Mac OS 8, a major new version of the operating system for Macintosh computers, and then with the PowerMac G3 and iMac computers for the professional and home markets. The iMac was notable for its transparent bondi blue casing in an ergonomic shape, as well as its discarding of legacy devices such as a floppy drive and serial ports in favor of Ethernet and USB connectivity. The iMac sold several million units and a subsequent model using a different form factor remains in production as of August 2017. In 2001 Mac OS X, the long-awaited "next generation" Mac OS based on the NeXT technologies was finally introduced by Apple, cementing its comeback.
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"text": "This growth was augmented by the introduction of Microsof... |
1873 Vienna World's Fair | [
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"target": "Ōkuma Shigenobu"
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"target"... | p_15 | The Japanese exhibition at the fair was the product of years of preparation. The empire had received its invitation in 1871, close on the heels of the Meiji Restoration, and a government bureau was established to produce an appropriate response. Shigenobu Okuma, Tsunetami Sano, and its other officials were keen to use the event to raise the international standing of Japanese manufactures and boost exports. 24 engineers were also sent with its delegation to study cutting-edge Western engineering at the fair for use in Japanese industry. Art and cultural relics at the exhibit were verified by the Jinshin Survey, a months-long inspection tour of various imperial, noble, and temple holdings around the country. The most important products of each province were listed and two specimens of each were collected, one for display in Vienna and the other for preservation and display within Japan. Large-scale preparatory exhibitions with this second set of objects were conducted within Japan at the Tokyo Kaisei School (today the University of Tokyo) in 1871 and at the capital's Confucian Temple in 1872; they eventually formed the core collection of the institution that became the Tokyo National Museum.
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"text": "Tokyo Kaisei School (today the University of Tokyo)"
... |
Harold Fawcus | [
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"target": "Order of St Michael and St George"
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"target": "1915 Birthday Honours"
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{
"indices":... | p_16 | Fawcus served during World War One and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in March 1915. He was made a member of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1915 Birthday Honours. He was made a temporary colonel in April 1917. He awarded the Croix de guerre by France in June 1917. Throughout the course of the war, Fawcus was mentioned in dispatches six times. Following the war, he was promoted to the rank of brevet colonel in June 1919, and in the same year he served in the Third Anglo-Afghan War. He served as an assistant director-general at the War Office from June 1922–July 1926. He was appointed as the honorary physician to George V in January 1923, following the retirement of Sir Alfred Blenkinsop. He was promoted to the full rank of colonel in June 1926, with appointment in the same month as a deputy director-general at the War Office. He was promoted to the rank of major-general in October 1926. He was knighted in the 1928 Birthday Honours. He was appointed as the director-general of Army Medical Services in September 1929, at which point he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. He was made a member of the Order of the Bath in the 1931 New Year Honours. Fawcus was presented with an honorary degree in civil law by Durham University in 1930. He served as the director-general of Army Medical Services until his retirement from active service in March 1934. Following his retirement he was replaced as the personal physician for George V by J. W. L. Scott. While serving as director-general, he won the General's Cup in golf at Sandwich in 1931.
| [
{
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"answer_value": "3",
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
394,
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],
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"text": "he was promoted to the rank of brevet colonel in June... |
SS Larry Doheny | [
{
"indices": [
48,
60
],
"target": "World War II"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
189
],
"target": "Cape Sebastian State Scenic Corridor"
},
{
"indices": [
217,
223
],
"target": "Oregon"
},
{
"indices": [
256,
272
],
... | p_17 | Larry Doheny was a tanker ship that sank during World War II, after an attack by on October 5, 1942 at 10:00pm. Larry Doheny sank with six of her crew killed off the coast of Cape Sebastian, off the southern coast of Oregon. Larry Doheny was on her way to Portland, Oregon loaded with 66,000 barrels of fuel oil from Long Beach, California. The torpedo attack caused the #2 and #3 storage tanks to exploded. The explosion took out the radio, so no distress call was sent. The surviving 40 crew members were rescued by , a United States Navy small seaplane tender, the next day. The ship was not salvaged. The attack help put fear into the west coast and started the Battle of Los Angeles. and were also attacked and sank off the West Coast of the United States. SS Larry Doheny was built by Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Company. She had nine cargo tanks, her homeport was Los Angeles.
| [
{
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{
"indices": [
0,
110
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Larry Doheny was a tanker ship that sank during World War I... |
List of stop motion artists | [
{
"indices": [
0,
9
],
"target": "Nick Park"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
25
],
"target": "Aardman Animations"
},
{
"indices": [
96,
109
],
"target": "Peter Gabriel"
},
{
"indices": [
186,
196
],
"target": "Pixilati... | p_18 | Nick Park and the Aardman team also produce commercials and music videos, notably the video for Peter Gabriel's "Sledgehammer", which uses many different animation techniques, including pixilation involving Gabriel holding poses while each frame was shot and moving between exposures, effectively becoming a human puppet. More recently Aardman used this technique on a series of short films for BBC Three entitled Angry Kid, which starred a live actor wearing a mask. The actor's pose and the mask's expression had to be altered slightly for each exposure. Aardman has also created many films, of which some have become household names. Nick Park joined Aardman after they took interest in his college project, A Grand Day Out. Since then, Nick Park has directed the following films for Aardman: The Wrong Trousers, Creature Comforts, A Close Shave, "Cracking Contraptions", the feature film Chicken Run, and more recently, another feature film , co-produced with DreamWorks Animation. Nick Park's latest work is the new Wallace and Gromit short (30 minutes) called A Matter of Loaf and Death, broadcast on BBC One on Christmas Day 2008. Nick Park has won several Academy Awards for Best Animation.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
1066,
1137
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"passage": "main",
"text": "A Matter of Loaf and Death, broadcast on BBC One on Chr... |
Ferhat Abbas | [
{
"indices": [
68,
80
],
"target": "War of independence"
},
{
"indices": [
228,
256
],
"target": "Algerian War"
},
{
"indices": [
302,
331
],
"target": "National Liberation Front (Algeria)"
},
{
"indices": [
449,
464... | p_19 | As he was opposed to violence, Ferhat kept himself distant from the Algerian War, and continued to try to act as an intermediary to the opposing sides. However, after the French intensified the war, in 1956, 18 months after the Algerian War of Independence against French rule began, Ferhat joined the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN). His diplomatic skills were utilized by the FLN, as he was sent on missions sponsored by their ally, President Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia. His visits through Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East were intended to drum up support for their cause. In 1957, he was appointed as the FLN delegate to the United Nations. 1958 saw him attending the North African Conference in Tunis, and in March he communicated an appeal to The Vatican for their assistance in creating peace. After the collapse of the Fourth Republic and the coming to power of Charles de Gaulle, the hopes for an independent Algeria increased. This however did not end the fighting and on September 18 of that year, the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) was created. His political standing in Algeria and reputation as a moderate nationalist, acceptable to the West, helped him become president of this provisional Algerian nationalist government-in-exile on September 18, 1958 when it was created. The position of President was largely as a figurehead and a diplomat, as most of the power was wielded by the cabinet; however in time a number of Asian and African nations recognized the government. In October 1958 an attempt was made by both Abbas and de Gaulle at ending the war with a meeting and intended cease fire were dashed on the inability of the parties to agree on a neutral location. By September 16, 1959, de Gaulle was softening as he offered self-determination to be decided by a referendum four years after a cease fire. This plan was generally accepted; unfortunately, there were a few substantial sticking points. By 1960, Abbas was becoming frustrated with the West as he lashed out at the United Kingdom and the United States for supplying weaponry to France. With talks breaking down in June 1960, Abbas turned to the east and by September was visiting with Communist China, and the Soviet Union, where he was welcomed warmly. Abbas reassured the West by stating that his new alliances were opportunism, when he stated that
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
152,
206
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "However, after the French intensified the war, in 1956... |
List of Indianapolis Colts starting quarterbacks | [
{
"indices": [
3,
7
],
"target": "1998 NFL Draft"
},
{
"indices": [
156,
181
],
"target": "Tennessee Volunteers football"
},
{
"indices": [
182,
196
],
"target": "Peyton Manning"
},
{
"indices": [
507,
511
],
... | p_20 | In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1st overall pick in the draft and for the 3rd time in 15 years selected a quarterback – this time University of Tennessee's Peyton Manning. Manning started the first game of his rookie season and started every single Colts game since until the start of the 2011 season, when a recurring neck injury sidelined him. Despite a difficult rookie season, where he threw a league high 28 interceptions, Manning and the Colts responded by finishing 13–3 in 1999. The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record. Even with this turnaround, the Colts lost in the playoffs. The following years would be marked by a near constant pattern. The Colts and Manning successes in the regular season were matched only by their failures in the post season. Manning was named to the Pro Bowl in 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004, as well as winning the NFL MVP award in both 2003 and 2004. In 2004 Manning set a then NFL record when he threw 49 touchdowns in a single season. In spite of this the team failed in the playoffs, including early round exits in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2005. In both 2003 and 2004 the Colts would lose to eventual Super Bowl winning New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game and the Divisional Round respectively. In 2006 the Colts and Manning were finally able to beat the Patriots and their quarterback Tom Brady in the AFC Championship Game on their way to a victory in Super Bowl XLI against the Chicago Bears. Manning was named the Super Bowl MVP. The Colts and Manning would continue to have success, with Manning winning two further MVP awards in 2008 and 2009. In 2009 the Colts would return to the Super Bowl where they would lose to the New Orleans Saints.
| [
{
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{
"indices": [
0,
197
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1998 the Colts, for the 4th time in 15 years, held the 1... |
Xavier Hommaire de Hell | [
{
"indices": [
39,
44
],
"target": "Dijon"
},
{
"indices": [
87,
102
],
"target": "École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
119
],
"target": "Saint-Étienne"
},
{
"indices": [
255,
... | p_21 | After attending school in Altkirch and Dijon, Hommaire graduated as an engineer at the École des Mines in Saint-Étienne in 1833. There he met Adèle Hériot whom he married in 1834. In October 1835, he went Turkey where he coordinated the construction of a suspension bridge in Constantinople and a lighthouse on the Black Sea coast. In 1838, he arrived in southern Russia where he performed ethnographical research and geographical surveys. After he discovered coal resources along the Dnieper River, Czar Nicholas I awarded him the St Vladimir Cross. In 1842, while working on mining and road-building projects in Moldavia, he fell ill and returned to France. The following year he became a member of the Société de Géographie and the Société géologique and published a number of scientific papers. In 1844 the Société de Géographie awarded him their Gold Medal .
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
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"text": "Germany, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine"
}
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{
... |
Ruel Brathwaite | [
{
"indices": [
27,
42
],
"target": "Queen's College (Barbados)"
},
{
"indices": [
108,
123
],
"target": "Dulwich College"
},
{
"indices": [
185,
192
],
"target": "England cricket team"
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{
"indices": [
193,
197
... | p_22 | Brathwaite was educated at Queen's College in Barbados, before leaving for England when he was 17 to attend Dulwich College. While studying at Dulwich, Brathwaite was spotted by former England Test cricketer Bill Athey. After completing his studies, he moved on to Loughborough University to obtain a degree in civil engineering. Loughborough University was part of the Marylebone Cricket Club's young cricketers program, as such it was designated as a Centre of Cricketing Excellence with first-class status. Under the coaching of Graham Dilley, Brathwaite was selected to play for Loughborough UCCE, making his first-class debut against Essex in 2006. In that same season he was selected to play for the British Universities against the touring Sri Lankans. The following season saw him selected play two first-class matches for the Marylebone Cricket Club, against the touring West Indians and later against Sri Lanka A. During the West Indies 2007 tour of England, Braithwaite was called up to represent the West Indians in a List A match against the England Lions, claiming the wicket of Owais Shah for the cost of 19 runs from three overs. 2008 saw Brathwaite play his final first-class match for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey. In total, he played five first-class matches for Loughborough, scoring 129 runs at an average of 32.25, with a high score of 76 not out. With the ball, he took 7 wickets at an expensive bowling average of 67.85, with best figures of 3/77.
| [
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{
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"text": "Loughborough"
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"context": [
{
"i... |
María del Carmen González-Valerio | [
{
"indices": [
34,
47
],
"target": "San Sebastián"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
168
],
"target": "Zalla"
},
{
"indices": [
314,
326
],
"target": "Manuel Azaña"
},
{
"indices": [
347,
359
],
"target": "Canonization"... | p_23 | The family later sought safety in San Sebastian and Mari Carmen was sent to a boarding school, School of the Reverend Irish Mothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Zalla. She prayed for the conversion of the men who had killed her father. She offered up her own suffering and death for the conversion of politician Manuel Azaña. Supporters for her canonization say that Azaña was converted on his deathbed in 1940. After weeks of illness, Maria del Carmen died of scarlet fever at the age of nine years, four months. She had initially predicted she would die on July 16, the feast day of her patron saint, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, but when she learned her aunt would be married on that day, she said she would die on July 17, the following day. Her last words were reportedly "I die as a martyr. Please, doctor, let me go now. Don’t you see that the Blessed Virgin has come with the angels to get me?" and "Jesus, Mary, Joseph, may I breathe forth my soul with you." Witnesses at her death bed said her body emitted a sweet perfume and she did not look dead.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 1375,
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"start": 1370,
"text": "Rash "
},
{
"end": 2183,
"passage": "scarlet fever",
"start": 2171,
"text": "Strep throat"
},
... |
Asoka de Silva (admiral) | [
{
"indices": [
134,
144
],
"target": "Lieutenant"
},
{
"indices": [
158,
178
],
"target": "Lieutenant commander"
},
{
"indices": [
302,
311
],
"target": "Commander"
},
{
"indices": [
372,
386
],
"target": "SL... | p_24 | In 1953 he was commissioned to the rank of sub lieutenant after completing basic training, after which he was elevated to the rank of lieutenant in 1955, and lieutenant commander in 1963. From 1969 to 1970 he was the defence attaché, at the Sri Lanka High Commission in London before being promoted to commander in November 1970, after which he was the commanding officer HMCyS Gajabahu the flagship of the fleet and the co-ordinating officer of the Polonnaruwa District during the 1971 Insurrection. He was the Naval Officer-in Charge of Trincomalee when he was promoted to the rank of captain in 1973, after which he was the Master of MV Lanka Kanthi of the Ceylon Shipping Corporation before becoming chief staff officer (operations). He went on to serve as the co-ordinating officer TAFII (East) and Director Naval Operations when on February 4, 1978, he was made commodore. On July 1, 1979, he assumed duties as the chief of staff at Naval Headquarters, SLNS Ranagala, after which he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral. In June 1983 he was made Commander of the navy, a post he would hold till his retirement at the age of 55, on 1 November 1986, at which point he became the first Sri Lankan officer to be elevated to the rank of vice admiral in the Sri Lanka Navy. Simultaneously acting as the commander-in-chief of the Joint Services Special Operations Command Headquarters established in Vavuniya.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
290,
386
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "promoted to commander in November 1970, after which h... |
Trudeaumania | [
{
"indices": [
21,
27
],
"target": "Canada"
},
{
"indices": [
95,
109
],
"target": "Counterculture"
},
{
"indices": [
415,
423
],
"target": "Marxism"
},
{
"indices": [
450,
470
],
"target": "Democratic social... | p_25 | Many young people in Canada at this time, especially young women, were influenced by the 1960s counterculture and identified with Trudeau, an energetic nonconformist who was relatively young. They were dazzled by his "charm and good looks", and a large fan base was established throughout the country. He would often be stopped in the streets for his autograph or for photographs. Trudeau had once sympathized with Marxists and had spent time in the democratic socialist Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, and many of his fans were attracted to his culturally liberal stances (he legalized homosexuality and created more flexible divorce laws as Justice Minister under Lester B. Pearson). Trudeau was also admired for his laid-back attitude and his celebrity relationships; in that word's prevailing use at the time, describing a modern, "hip and happening person", he was often described as a swinger. A high point happened during Trudeau's election campaign in 1968 during the annual Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day parade in Montreal, when rioting Quebec separatists threw rocks and bottles at the grandstand where Trudeau was seated. Rejecting the pleas of his aides that he take cover, Trudeau stayed in his seat, facing the rioters, without any sign of fear. The image of the politician showing such courage impressed the Canadian people, and he handily won the election the next day.
| [
{
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
381,
506
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Trudeau had once sympathized with Marxists and had spent ... |
New Jersey Route 21 | [
{
"indices": [
25,
51
],
"target": "Newark Airport Interchange"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
71
],
"target": "U.S. Route 1/9"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
89
],
"target": "U.S. Route 22 in New Jersey"
},
{
"indices": [
93,
99
... | p_26 | 21 heads north from the Newark Airport Interchange with U.S. Route 1/9 and U.S. Route 22 in Newark near the Newark Liberty International Airport on the six-lane, divided McCarter Highway. This portion of Route 21 serves to connect Newark Liberty with downtown Newark. The route interchanges with Interstate 78 and then crosses over Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Greenville Running Track, Lehigh Line, and Passaic and Harsimus Line and then Amtrak's Northeast Corridor rail line on a viaduct, coming to an interchange with Broad Street that provides access to Route 27. The route continues north, paralleling the elevated Northeast Corridor tracks that lead up to Newark Penn Station, which serves Amtrak and NJ Transit trains. At the Emmet Street intersection, Route 21 becomes a four-lane, undivided road and intersects Murray Street, which provides access to the Ironbound neighborhood of Newark. This section of Route 21 through the southern part of Newark has a high accident rate due to the heavy concentration of businesses and traffic lights along this portion of road. The road widens to six lanes and the route intersects County Route 510 (Market Street) near Newark Penn Station and continues north into downtown Newark, splitting from the Northeast Corridor rail line. It crosses Raymond Boulevard and the route meets County Route 508 (Center Street), with which it forms a concurrency.
| [] |
August Kork | [
{
"indices": [
15,
26
],
"target": "World War I"
},
{
"indices": [
34,
52
],
"target": "Northwestern Front (Russian Empire)"
},
{
"indices": [
61,
74
],
"target": "Western Front (Russian Empire)"
},
{
"indices": [
112,
... | p_27 | Kork fought in World War I on the Northwestern Front and the Western Front. In October 1914, he was awarded the Order of Saint Anna 3rd class with Swords. On 1 April 1915, he was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaus 2nd class with Swords. Kork became an adjutant on the staff of the 3rd Siberian Army Corps and was promoted to Staff captain on 14 June. On 16 November, Kork received the Order of Saint Anna 4th class. At the same time he became an adjutant at the headquarters of the 8th Siberian Rifle Division. On 25 or 30 December he was transferred to the 10th Army headquarters. He also served with the 20th Army Corps and the Office of the Quartermaster General on the Staff of the Western Front. On 15 August 1916, he was promoted to Captain. In 1917, he graduated from the Observer-Pilot Military School. On 25 February, Kork became officer for Aircraft Orders on the Staff of the Western Front. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel. On 31 March, Kork was awarded the Order of Saint Anna 2nd class with Swords. Between August 1917 and February 1918 he was chairman of the Soldiers' Committee of the Western Front.
| [
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"text": "Allied victory"
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"context": [
{
"indices":... |
Davey Richards | [
{
"indices": [
45,
68
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"target": "New Japan Pro-Wrestling"
},
{
"indices": [
71,
107
],
"target": "Best of the Super Juniors"
},
{
"indices": [
159,
170
],
"target": "Kenny Omega"
},
{
"indices": [
512,
517
],
... | p_28 | In 2010 Richards was invited to take part in New Japan Pro Wrestling's Best of the Super Juniors tournament along with fellow North American and ROH wrestler, Kenny Omega. Richards entered the two-week-long tournament on May 30, but although he managed to win five out of his seven matches, he finished third in his block and narrowly missed advancing to the semifinals of the tournament. After the tournament Richards began working regularly for New Japan Pro Wrestling, joining the promotion's top heel stable Chaos, and no longer made appearances for Pro Wrestling Noah. In November 2010 Richards and Rocky Romero, reviving the No Remorse Corps name, made it to the finals of a five-day-long Super J Tag League tournament, before being defeated by their Chaos team mates Jado and Gedo. On December 11, 2010, Richards received a shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship, but was defeated by the defending champion, Prince Devitt. On May 3, 2011, Richards and Romero unsuccessfully challenged Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi, known collectively as Apollo 55, for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. On May 26, Richards entered the 2011 Best of the Super Juniors tournament and after winning six out of his eight round robin stage matches, which included a win over the reigning IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion Prince Devitt, Richards finished second in his block and advanced to the semifinals of the tournament. On June 10, Richards was eliminated from the tournament in the semifinals by the eventual winner of the entire tournament, Kota Ibushi. On October 10, 2011, at Destruction '11, Richards and Romero defeated Prince Devitt and Ryusuke Taguchi to win the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the first time. Richards and Romero made their first successful title defense on November 12 at Power Struggle, defeating the team of Kushida and Tiger Mask. As a result of pinning Prince Devitt in the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship match, Richards was granted another shot at his IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship on December 4, but failed in his attempt to become a double champion. On January 4, 2012, at Wrestle Kingdom VI in Tokyo Dome, Richards and Romero lost the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship back to Devitt and Taguchi. On February 12 at The New Beginning, the No Remorse Corps defeated Apollo 55 to regain the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. As a result, Richards received his third shot at the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship on March 10, but was yet again defeated by Prince Devitt. On May 2, Richards and Romero were stripped of the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship, after a car accident forced Richards to miss his flight to Japan and the following day's Wrestling Dontaku 2012 event, where the two were scheduled to defend the title against Jushin Thunder Liger and Tiger Mask. Despite being able to wrestle in the United States, New Japan also pulled Richards from the 2012 Best of the Super Juniors tournament, citing doctor's orders.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
789,
939
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "On December 11, 2010, Richards received a shot at the IWG... |
Trey Brown | [
{
"indices": [
59,
76
],
"target": "American football"
},
{
"indices": [
146,
167
],
"target": "St. Louis BattleHawks"
},
{
"indices": [
197,
200
],
"target": "XFL (2020)"
},
{
"indices": [
278,
293
],
"targe... | p_29 | Theotis "Trey" Brown, III (born March 1, 1985) is a former American football cornerback who is currently the Director of Player Personnel for the St. Louis BattleHawks. Prior to being hired by the XFL, Brown served as the Executive Vice President of Football Operations for the Birmingham Iron of the Alliance of American Football. Prior to the AAF, Brown spent 9 years in the National Football League as a scout/executive. From 2010 to 2012, he was a scout with the New England Patriots. Then, from 2013 to 2018, he was with the Philadelphia Eagles in a variety of capacities including the Director of College Scouting from 2016-2018. As a player, he was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at UCLA. He also played for the New York Sentinels. He is the son of former NFL running back Theotis Brown.
| [
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"indices": [
95,
293
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "currently the Director of Player Personnel for the St. Lou... |
James P.B. Duffy | [
{
"indices": [
62,
72
],
"target": "Republican Party (United States)"
},
{
"indices": [
73,
89
],
"target": "James L. Whitley"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
144
],
"target": "New York's 38th congressional district"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_30 | He was elected to Congress in 1934, having defeated incumbent Republican James L. Whitley and represented New York's 38th congressional district from January 3, 1935 until January 3, 1937, departing due to his defeat for renomination in 1936. He was then appointed by Governor Lehman to the New York Supreme Court on April 20, 1937 and served until December 31, 1937. He was defeated by Nathan Lapham in the subsequent election and served until December 31, 1937. Duffy practiced law in partnership from 1938 onward, and sat on the New York State Probation Commission from 1938-44. During the course of his life, Duffy was ubiquitous in the Rochester, New York region. He was a founder and for fifty-two years Director of Family Services of Rochester, fifty-two years a Trustee of the Chamber of Commerce, thirty-four years a counsel to the local Red Cross, forty-two years a Trustee of the Community Chest, thirty-four years a Commissioner of the Rochester Museum, thirty-four years a Trustee of the Rochester Savings Bank, thirty-two years a Director and one year President of the local Automobile Club, fifty-two years a Trustee of St. Patrick's Church and three years a functionary of the United Service Organization. He was a member of nine different clubs and brotherhoods. He received numerous honors during the course of his life, most notable his designation as a Knight of St. Gregory and a Knight of Malta by Pope Pius XI. One report indicated that he went to Mass every day, carried a missal at all times, and meticulously recorded in all his diaries. Duffy died at St. Anne's Home in Rochester, New York on January 8, 1969 and was laid to rest in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery. "James P. B. Duffy School No. 12" in Rochester, New York was named in his honor.
| [
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"answer": {
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"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
89
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He was elected to Congress in 1934, having defeated incumben... |
Daulatabad Fort | [
{
"indices": [
97,
107
],
"target": "Aurangabad"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
120
],
"target": "Maharashtra"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
169
],
"target": "Seuna (Yadava) dynasty"
},
{
"indices": [
237,
252
],
"target": ... | p_31 | Daulatabad Fort, also known as Devagiri or Deogiri, is a historical fortified citadel located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was the capital of the Yadava dynasty (9th century–14th century CE), for a brief time the capital of the Delhi Sultanate (1327–1334), and later a secondary capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1499–1636). Around the sixth century CE, Devagiri emerged as an important uplands town near present-day Aurangabad, along caravan routes going towards western and southern India. The historical triangular fortress in the city was initially built around 1187 by the first Yadava king, Bhillama V. In 1308, the city was annexed by Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate, which ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent. In 1327, Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate renamed the city as "Daulatabad" and shifted his imperial capital to the city from Delhi, ordering a mass migration of Delhi's population to Daulatabad. However, Muhammad bin Tughluq reversed his decision in 1334 and the capital of the Delhi Sultanate was shifted back from Daulatabad to Delhi. In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, who used it as their secondary capital. In 1610, near Daulatabad Fort, the new city of Aurangabad, then named Khadki, was established to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the Ethiopian military leader Malik Ambar, who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Most of the present-day fortification at Daulatabad Fort was constructed under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "20",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
621,
750
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1308, the city was annexed by Sultan Alauddin Khal... |
Memorial Stadium (Baltimore) | [
{
"indices": [
13,
20
],
"target": "Baltimore Orioles"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
34
],
"target": "History of the Baltimore Colts"
},
{
"indices": [
197,
207
],
"target": "Jim Palmer"
},
{
"indices": [
223,
241
],
... | p_32 | Both the new Orioles and the Colts had some great successes over the next few decades, winning several championships. Among the noteworthy Orioles who played here by the 1960s to 90's were pitcher Jim Palmer, first basemen John (Boog) Powell and Eddie Murray, shortstop Cal Ripken Jr., third baseman Brooks Robinson, and outfielder Frank Robinson. Among the Colts' greats were quarterback Johnny Unitas, wide receiver Raymond Berry, and running backs Alan Ameche and Lenny Moore, as well as tight end John Mackey. Over the next few decades, both teams became among the winningest and competitive franchises in their sports, sending a number of players to their respective Halls of Fame. Following the stunning win of their first championship in what became known as "The Greatest Game to be Played" versus the New York Giants in the 1958 title game in New York City, the Colts later repeated the accomplishment in the next year's NFL championship game of 1959, which the "Hosses" won, playing at the stadium before a home crowd. It was the enthusiasm of Colts fans in particular that led to the stadium being dubbed "The World's Largest Outdoor Insane Asylum" by Cooper Rollow, the Chicago Tribune's head NFL sports writer at the time.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
1163,
1234
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Cooper Rollow, the Chicago Tribune's head NFL sports wr... |
Rail transport in Israel | [
{
"indices": [
87,
94
],
"target": "Ottoman Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
107,
123
],
"target": "Moses Montefiore"
},
{
"indices": [
221,
234
],
"target": "Land of Israel"
},
{
"indices": [
244,
267
],
"target": ... | p_33 | Rail infrastructure in what is now Israel was first envisioned and realized during the Ottoman period. Sir Moses Montefiore, in 1839, was an early proponent of trains in the land of Israel. However, the first railroad in Eretz Yisrael, was the Jaffa-Jerusalem railway, which opened on September 26, 1892. A trip along the line took 3 hours and 30 minutes. The line was initiated by the Jewish entrepreneur Joseph Navon and built by the French at 1 m gauge. The second line in what is now Israel was the Jezreel Valley railway from Haifa to Beit She’an, which had been built in 1904 as part of the Haifa-Daraa branch, a 1905-built feeder line of the Hejaz Railway which ran from Medina to Damascus. At the time, the Ottoman Empire ruled the Levant, but was a declining power and would succumb in World War I. During the Ottoman era, the network grew: Nablus, Kalkiliya, and Beersheba all gained train stations. The First World War brought yet another rail line: the Ottomans, with German assistance, laid tracks from Beersheba to Kadesh Barnea, somewhere on the Sinai Peninsula. (This line ran through trains from Afula through Tulkarm.) This resulted in the construction of the eastern and southern railways.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
199,
267
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "the first railroad in Eretz Yisrael, was the Jaffa-Jer... |
Stanisław Aronson | [
{
"indices": [
50,
75
],
"target": "Invasion of Poland"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
121
],
"target": "Warsaw"
},
{
"indices": [
182,
187
],
"target": "Kresy"
},
{
"indices": [
200,
205
],
"target": "Równo, Pomeran... | p_34 | Aronson's mother family came from Łódź. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, they first moved from Łódź to Warsaw. After a few days, they decided to move further east to the Kresy, where near Równo their relatives owned some land. However, in the meantime the Soviet Union also invaded Poland as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and the relatives were arrested by the NKVD and deported eastwards, deep within the Soviet Union. As a result, the family tried to unsuccessfully enter Lithuania, and then into Romania. Eventually they wound up in Soviet-occupied Lwow. According to Aronson, in Lwow, the Soviets pressured Poles, Ukrainians and Jews to sign up for the Komsomol but he personally refused.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 121,
"passage": "Stanisław Aronson",
"start": 115,
"text": "Warsaw"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley | [
{
"indices": [
375,
386
],
"target": "Count Floyd"
},
{
"indices": [
415,
427
],
"target": "Joe Flaherty"
},
{
"indices": [
517,
533
],
"target": "Jonathan Winters"
},
{
"indices": [
565,
578
],
"target": "An... | p_35 | Episodes of the show often featured Ed Grimley in several adventures, which start out as mundane, but turn very surreal and cartoonish, interspersed with science lessons from The Amazing Gustav Brothers, Roger and Emil, and a live-action segment with a "scary story" titled The Count Floyd Show presented as a show-within-a-show by Grimley's favorite television host, SCTV's Count Floyd (played by SCTV cast member Joe Flaherty). Grimley's fellow cartoon characters included Grimley's landlord Leo Freebus (voiced by Jonathan Winters), Leo's wife Deidre (voiced by Andrea Martin), his ditzy, amateur actress neighbor Ms. Malone (voiced by Catherine O'Hara; a female character by the name of Ms. Malone did appear on an SNL version of an Ed Grimley sketch on the season ten episode hosted by Alex Karras, but Ms. Malone was played by that episode's musical guest Tina Turner), and her little brother Wendell (voiced by Danny Cooksey). Ed owns a goldfish named Moby and a clever pet rat named Sheldon (voiced by Frank Welker). At the end of each episode, Ed would write in his diary about what happened in his day.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
430,
535
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Grimley's fellow cartoon characters included Grimley's la... |
Historical negationism | [
{
"indices": [
91,
100
],
"target": "Deception"
},
{
"indices": [
119,
125
],
"target": "Denial"
},
{
"indices": [
404,
414
],
"target": "Statistics"
},
{
"indices": [
978,
988
],
"target": "Propaganda"
},
... | p_36 | Historical negationism applies the techniques of research, quotation, and presentation for deception of the reader and denial of the historical record. In support of the "revised history" perspective, the negationist historian uses false documents as genuine sources, presents specious reasons to distrust genuine documents, exploits published opinions, by quoting out of historical context, manipulates statistics, and mistranslates texts in other languages. The revision techniques of historical negationism operate in the intellectual space of public debate for the advancement of a given interpretation of history and the cultural-perspective of the "revised history". As a document, the revised history is used to negate the validity of the factual, documentary record, and so reframe explanations and perceptions of the discussed historical event, in order to deceive the reader, the listener, and the viewer; therefore, historical negationism functions as a technique of propaganda. Rather than submit their works for peer review, negationist historians rewrite history and use logical fallacies to construct arguments that will obtain the desired results, a "revised history" that supports an agenda – political, ideological, religious, etc. In the practice of historiography, the British historian Richard J. Evans describes the technical differences, between professional historians and negationist historians:
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
927,
988
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "historical negationism functions as a technique of pro... |
Florida Reef | [
{
"indices": [
138,
156
],
"target": "Coral reef"
},
{
"indices": [
265,
283
],
"target": "Great Barrier Reef"
},
{
"indices": [
288,
307
],
"target": "Belize Barrier Reef"
},
{
"indices": [
345,
357
],
"targ... | p_37 | The Florida Reef (also known as the Great Florida Reef, Florida reefs, Florida Reef Tract and Florida Keys Reef Tract) is the only living coral barrier reef in the continental United States. It is the third largest coral barrier reef system in the world (after the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef). It lies a few miles seaward of the Florida Keys, is about 4 miles (6 to 7 km) wide and extends (along the 20 meter depth contour) from Fowey Rocks just east of Soldier Key to just south of the Marquesas Keys. The barrier reef tract forms a great arc, concentric with the Florida Keys, with the northern end, in Biscayne National Park, oriented north-south and the western end, south of the Marquesas Keys, oriented east-west. The rest of the reef outside Biscayne National Park lies within John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Isolated coral patch reefs occur northward from Biscayne National Park as far north as Stuart, in Martin County. Coral reefs are also found in Dry Tortugas National Park west of the Marquesas Keys. There are more than 6,000 individual reefs in the system. The reefs are 5,000 to 7,000 years old, having developed since sea levels rose following the Wisconsinan glaciation.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 31,
"passage": "great barrier reef",
"start": 12,
"text": "Great Barrier Reef\n"
},
{
"end": 307,
"passage": "Florida Reef",
"start": 287,
"text": " Belize Barri... |
Thornbury Hospital | [
{
"indices": [
48,
64
],
"target": "Sir Frederick Mappin, 1st Baronet"
},
{
"indices": [
125,
146
],
"target": "Matthew Ellison Hadfield"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
218
],
"target": "Master Cutler"
},
{
"indices": [
253,
... | p_38 | Thornbury was built between 1864 and 1865, when Frederick Mappin, the cutlery and steel magnate, commissioned the architects M.E. Hadfield and Son to design a new house for him. Mappin had previously been Master Cutler in 1855 and would go on to become Mayor of Sheffield in 1877/8 and a Liberal MP in 1880. Thornbury is a big bold stone house with curving two storey bay windows. It is in the Classical style with two wings, balustraded parapet and a steep pitched roof with tall chimneys and gables. The main entrance is at the western side of the building and this has a two storey porch and a large oriel window. The house which sits on six acres of land looks over mature gardens which were designed by Robert Marnock. The entrance is reached by a long sweeping drive off Fulwood Road; a small lodge is situated at the entrance to the drive.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "30",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
177
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Thornbury was built between 1864 and 1865, when Frederi... |
Allifae | [
{
"indices": [
33,
41
],
"target": "Campania"
},
{
"indices": [
91,
96
],
"target": "Pliny the Elder"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
120
],
"target": "Silius Italicus"
},
{
"indices": [
125,
131
],
"target": "Strabo"... | p_39 | It was close to the frontiers of Campania, and is enumerated among the Campanian cities by Pliny, and by Silius Italicus but Strabo expressly calls it a Samnite city That it was so at an earlier period is certain, as we find it repeatedly mentioned in the wars of the Romans with that people. Thus, at the breaking out of the Second Samnite War, in 326 BC, it was one of the first places which fell into the hands of the Romans: who, however, subsequently lost it, and it was retaken by C. Marcius Rutilus in 310 BC. Again, in 307 BC, a decisive victory over the Samnites was gained by the proconsul Fabius beneath its walls. During the Second Punic War its territory was alternately traversed or occupied by the Romans and by Hannibal, but no mention is made of the town itself. Strabo speaks of it as one of the few cities of the Samnites which had survived the calamities of the Social War: and we learn from Cicero that it possessed an extensive and fertile territory in the valley of the Vulturnus, which appears to have adjoined that of Venafrum According to the Liber Coloniarum (p. 231), a colony was established there by the triumvirs, and its colonial rank, though not mentioned by Pliny, is confirmed by the evidence of inscriptions. These also attest that it continued to be a place of importance under the Roman Empire: and was adorned with many new public buildings under the reign of Hadrian.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 11323,
"passage": "samnite wars",
"start": 11300,
"text": "Mount Gaurus near Cumae"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Beara Way | [
{
"indices": [
108,
122
],
"target": "Caha Mountains"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
184
],
"target": "Sugarloaf (County Cork)"
},
{
"indices": [
236,
244
],
"target": "Adrigole"
},
{
"indices": [
302,
313
],
"target... | p_40 | Starting at Glengarriff, the Beara Way enters the Glengarriff Woods Nature Reserve and then climbs into the Caha Mountains to an altitude of as it traverses the pass north of Sugarloaf mountain before descending to reach the village of Adrigole. From Adrigole, the trail follows the southern flanks of Hungry Hill and the Slieve Mish Mountains to reach Castletownbere. A spur route makes a circuit of Bere Island, which is connected to Castletownbere by a ferry service. The route from Castletownbere to Allihies is via an old cattle droving path. Copper mining was the main activity in Ahillies for many years and the remains of abandoned mine working dot the landscape. Another circular spur route starts from Allihies and brings the trail to the very tip of the Beara Peninsula where a cable car connects the trail with Dursey Island. From Ahillies, the trail follows a miners' track and climbs the copper-rich crags above the village, crossing a mountain pass to reach Eyeries. A ridge along the coast connects Eyeries with Ardgroom. The trail then crosses into County Kerry to reach Tuosist, via Lauragh. From Tuosist, the Way crosses the northern slopes of Knockagarrane and then passes between Clonee Lough and Lough Inchiquin before crossing a mountain pass. The route diverges here, continuing north to Kenmare or south to Bonane. The final stage returns to Glengarriff via Bonane Heritage Park and Esk mountain. A spur route connects Glengarriff with Kealkill, Gougane Barra and Ballingeary.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 178,
"passage": "caha mountains",
"start": 171,
"text": "Ireland"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Ancient Greece and wine | [
{
"indices": [
74,
85
],
"target": "Hippocrates"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
161
],
"target": "Fever"
},
{
"indices": [
171,
184
],
"target": "Convalescence"
},
{
"indices": [
195,
205
],
"target": "Antiseptic"
... | p_41 | The medicinal use of wine was frequently studied by the Greeks, including Hippocrates, who did extensive research on the topic. He used wine as a cure for fevers, to ease convalescence and as an antiseptic. He also studied the effect of wine on his patients' stool. Various types of wine were prescribed by Greek doctors for use as an analgesic, diuretic, tonic and digestive aid. The Greeks were also aware of some negative health effects, especially those arising from the consumption of wine beyond moderation. Athenaeus made frequent mention of wine's ability to induce hangover and suggested various remedies for it. The poet Eubulus noted that three bowls (kylikes) were the ideal amount of wine to consume. The quantity of three bowls to represent moderation is a recurring theme throughout Greek writing (today, the standard 750 ml bottle contains roughly three to six glasses of wine, depending on serving size). In his c. 375 BC play Semele or Dionysus, Eubulus has Dionysus say:
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
922,
962
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In his c. 375 BC play Semele or Dionysus"
},
... |
Polish–Ottoman War (1620–21) | [
{
"indices": [
17,
34
],
"target": "Thirty Years' War"
},
{
"indices": [
61,
76
],
"target": "Gabriel Bethlen"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
100
],
"target": "Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)"
},
{
"indices": [
180,
... | p_42 | At the time, the Thirty Years' War was raging across Europe. Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania saw an opportunity to unite the two Hungarian principalities, Transylvania and Royal Hungary, and sacked Vienna in November 1619. He also asked Sultan Osman II for aid, but this was unsuccessful. The Commonwealth was relatively uninvolved in this war but the Polish king, Zygmunt III Waza, sent an elite and ruthless mercenary unit, the Lisowczycy, to aid his Habsburg allies. They defeated the Hungarian lord George Rákóczi at the Battle of Humenné in 1619, and thus, cut the supply lines of Transylvanian forces. Then Gaspar Graziani, ruler of Moldavia, switched sides and joined Poland.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "61",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
78,
229
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "prince of Transylvania saw an opportunity to unite the... |
John Cooke (Royal Navy officer) | [
{
"indices": [
43,
64
],
"target": "Whitechapel"
},
{
"indices": [
102,
111
],
"target": "Admiralty"
},
{
"indices": [
203,
209
],
"target": "Cutter (boat)"
},
{
"indices": [
227,
238
],
"target": "John Bazel... | p_43 | John Cooke was baptised on 5 March 1762 at St. Mary, Whitechapel, the second son of Francis Cooke, an Admiralty clerk, and his wife Margaret. John Cooke first went to sea at the age of eleven aboard the cutter under Lieutenant John Bazely, before going ashore to spend time at Mr Braken's naval academy at Greenwich. He was entered onto the books of one of the royal yachts by Sir Alexander Hood, who would become an enduring patron of Cooke's. In 1776 he obtained a position as a midshipman on the ship of the line , aged thirteen. Cooke served aboard Eagle, the flagship of the North American Station, during the next three years, seeing extensive action along the eastern seaboard. Notable among these actions were the naval operations around the Battle of Rhode Island in 1778, when Eagle was closely engaged with American units ashore. He distinguished himself in the assault, causing Admiral Lord Howe to remark "Why, young man, you wish to become a Lieutenant before you are of sufficient age." On 21 January 1779, Cooke was promoted to lieutenant and joined in the East Indies under Sir Edward Hughes, but was forced to take a leave of absence due to ill-health.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "21",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
39
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "John Cooke was baptised on 5 March 1762"
},
... |
Elizabeth Harwood | [
{
"indices": [
20,
35
],
"target": "Barton Seagrave"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
58
],
"target": "Kettering"
},
{
"indices": [
75,
84
],
"target": "Yorkshire"
},
{
"indices": [
99,
125
],
"target": "Skipton Girls' ... | p_44 | Harwood was born in Barton Seagrave, a suburb of Kettering, but grew up in Yorkshire. She attended Skipton Girls' High School. Her parents were both musical, and her mother, a professional soprano, taught her singing. Harwood later said of her childhood, "My mother sang under the name Constance Read, and she did quite a bit of early broadcasting from Birmingham. When she had her children – there were three of us – she did local singing and took up her teaching. My father, in the Methodist Chapel tradition, did a good deal of conducting". Harwood continued her studies at the Royal Manchester College of Music from 1956. In 1957, for the Buxton Opera Group, she sang Michaela in Passion Flower, an adaptation of Carmen. In a student production of Massenet's Werther in 1958, she won praise as Sophie. At the age of 21, she won the Kathleen Ferrier Memorial Scholarship and spent a year in Milan studying with Lina Pagliughi. She was later a joint winner of the international Verdi competition in Busseto.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
125
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Harwood was born in Barton Seagrave, a suburb of Ketterin... |
Venom (band) | [
{
"indices": [
99,
111
],
"target": "Thrash metal"
},
{
"indices": [
196,
205
],
"target": "Metallica"
},
{
"indices": [
207,
213
],
"target": "Slayer"
},
{
"indices": [
215,
222
],
"target": "Anthrax (Americ... | p_45 | Welcome to Hell influenced several later bands. Venom's music helped shape the development of many thrash metal bands, specifically the "Big Four of Thrash" (who in turn were highly influential): Metallica, Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeth (Metallica opened for Venom on an early 1980s tour, and Venom opened for Metallica and Slayer on the Ride the Lightning tour, and Slayer played with them and Exodus on the Combat Tour in 1985). Venom would also be of extreme importance to the black metal scene and even the early death metal scene, with numerous bands copying styles, themes, and imagery from the band, such as the Swiss band Hellhammer (later to become Celtic Frost), whom also helped pioneer the genres. Music critic Bradley Torreano wrote that Venom "caught the attention of both metalheads and punks, the band was emulated by the former and turned into camp icons by the latter." Henry Rollins once compared the band to Spinal Tap.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
117
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Welcome to Hell influenced several later bands. Venom's mus... |
Jimmy Duncan (politician) | [
{
"indices": [
19,
37
],
"target": "Lebanon, Tennessee"
},
{
"indices": [
95,
107
],
"target": "Scott County, Tennessee"
},
{
"indices": [
187,
198
],
"target": "Confederate States of America"
},
{
"indices": [
246,
... | p_46 | Duncan was born in Lebanon, Tennessee. His "paternal grandparents were small-areage farmers in Scott County, which in 1861 left Tennessee, refusing to follow the Volunteer State into the Confederacy, and declared itself 'the Free and Independent state of Scott.'" Duncan's parents were Lois (Swisher) and John Duncan Sr., who "hitchhiked into Knoxville with five dollars in his pocket,' and after an education at the University of Tennessee was elected mayor of Knoxville and then congressman." The elder Duncan was also a co-owner of the Knoxville Smokies of the "Sally League," for which his son "was a batboy, a ball shagger, scoreboard operator, and, as a freshman at the University of Tennessee, the Smokies' public-address announcer." Duncan also worked as a grocery bagger and salesman at Sears while working his way through school. Duncan supported Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign, and sent the first paycheck he earned as a bagboy at the local A&P to the Goldwater campaign.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
857,
901
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign"
}
... |
Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer) | [
{
"indices": [
154,
178
],
"target": "National Football League (Ireland)"
},
{
"indices": [
240,
246
],
"target": "Dublin GAA"
},
{
"indices": [
293,
309
],
"target": "Páirc Uí Chaoimh"
},
{
"indices": [
642,
647
... | p_47 | Lynch first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork senior football team in the late 1990s. He made his debut in the 1998–99 National Football League, a season which saw Cork reach the final of the competition. Dublin provided the opposition at Cork's home venue, Páirc Uí Chaoimh. A close game developed, however, Cork were never really troubled. A 0–12 to 1–7 score line resulted in victory for 'the Rebels', and gave Lynch a National League winners' medal in his debut season. Later that year he made his championship debut in the provincial series as Cork cruised to a Munster final showdown with arch-rivals Kerry. The men from 'the Kingdom' were on the hunt for a fourth successive provincial title, while Cork were out for success for the first time since 1995. Cork's victory on a score line of 2–10 to 2–4 was unexpected as Lynch claimed his very first Munster winners' medal. A subsequent defeat of Mayo saw Cork book their place in the All-Ireland final against Meath. The pressure was on the Cork footballers to secure a rare double, particularly since their hurling counterparts had won the All-Ireland title a fortnight previously. Ollie Murphy's first-half goal gave 'the Royals' a huge boost at half-time. Immediately after the interval Trevor Giles missed a penalty while Joe Kavanagh responded with a goal which gave Cork a brief lead. It was not enough as Lynch's side eventually lost the game by 1–11 to 1–8. In spite of this defeat Lynch was later rewarded with an All-Star award.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
1175,
1250
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Ollie Murphy's first-half goal gave 'the Royals' a h... |
Birks Building | [
{
"indices": [
255,
274
],
"target": "Renaissance Revival architecture"
},
{
"indices": [
302,
313
],
"target": "Percy Erskine Nobbs"
},
{
"indices": [
325,
335
],
"target": "Terracotta"
},
{
"indices": [
337,
344
... | p_48 | Birks, a company that designs, manufactures and retails jewellery, timepieces, silverware and gifts, acquired the building in September 1912. The building was significantly reworked in 1912 to accommodate the jewellery store. The rework added distinctive Renaissance Revival palace facades designed by Percy Nobbs, featuring terracotta, granite, bronze and Tyndall stone. Above the third-floor openings are six terracotta medallions depicting the sources of the materials used by jewellers, with a seventh medallion on the north facade. These medallions depict turquoise (representing semi-precious stones), an elephant (representing ivory), a Kimberley Negro] searching for diamonds, a man diving for pearls, an oceanic wave delivering the riches of the sea (mother-of-pearl, coral and a tortoise shell), a precious metal-smelting gnome, and a silversmith surrounded by the tools of his trade. Above the medallions is a frieze depicting such characters and places as King Solomon, the Queen of Sheba, gates of Jerusalem, Hiram, king of Tyre, Negroes and an Indian, and the three wise men giving and receiving gifts. $150,000 of alterations to the ground-floor show-window area in 1951 included a granite base and Tyndall stone facings surrounding the solid bronze show windows, as well as corner columns and vestibule walls lined with Travertine marble. The building was the Winnipeg showpiece for Birks for nearly eighty years. By 1991, the basement, first, second and third floors had all been substantially altered by the Birks Company, leaving only the fourth floor of dormitories unaltered from the YMCA era. Birks continued in this building until the 1987 when it moved to Portage Place.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 151,
"passage": "percy erskine nobbs",
"start": 131,
"text": "Haddington, Scotland"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Jean Barthélemy Darmagnac | [
{
"indices": [
126,
141
],
"target": "Napoleonic Wars"
},
{
"indices": [
316,
350
],
"target": "French campaign in Egypt and Syria"
},
{
"indices": [
424,
446
],
"target": "Battle of the Pyramids"
},
{
"indices": [
472,
... | p_49 | Jean Barthélemy Claude Toussaint Darmagnac (1 November 1766 – 12 December 1855) became a French division commander during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1791 he joined a volunteer battalion and soon became a captain. He fought with the 32nd Line Infantry Demi-Brigade against the Austrians in Italy. He participated in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria, being promoted to lead the regiment after distinguishing himself at the Battle of the Pyramids. He was badly wounded at Acre and promoted to general of brigade in 1801. Darmagnac fought at Austerlitz in 1805 and led the Paris guard in 1806–1807. Going to Spain, he was wounded at Medina de Rioseco and became a general of division in 1808. After serving as provincial governor, he assumed command of a combat division at Vitoria, the Pyrenees, the Bidassoa, the Nivelle, the Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse. After holding interior commands under the Bourbon Restoration he retired in 1831. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 36.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "0",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
143,
182
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1791 he joined a volunteer battalion"
},
... |
Norm McAtee | [
{
"indices": [
74,
84
],
"target": "Ice hockey"
},
{
"indices": [
119,
141
],
"target": "National Hockey League"
},
{
"indices": [
151,
164
],
"target": "Boston Bruins"
},
{
"indices": [
174,
192
],
"target":... | p_50 | Norman Joseph McAtee (June 28, 1921 – August 25, 2010) was a professional ice hockey player who played 13 games in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins. Born in Stratford, Ontario, he and his brother Jud played together in junior ice hockey with the Oshawa Generals during the years when the Generals dominated the Ontario Hockey League, winning championships with them in 1938–39. 1939–40 and 1940–41. At the end of the 1941 season, Norm joined his brother by signing as a free agent with the Detroit Red Wings in the NHL. However, beginning in 1942 and lasting throughout World War II, Norm became a flying officer in the Royal Canadian Air Force. After his discharge in 1945, he teamed with his brother in the Red Wings farm system before the two of them were traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for Doug McCaig in December 1945. Just over a month later, Chicago traded him to Boston for Bill Jennings, and Norm joined the Bruins for 13 games, recording one assist. After that, he finished his career in the minor leagues, ending as player-coach with the Troy Bruins in Troy, Ohio from 1951 to 1954.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 51537,
"passage": "boston bruins",
"start": 51524,
"text": "Massachusetts"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indice... |
KTVT | [
{
"indices": [
233,
252
],
"target": "Independent station (North America)"
},
{
"indices": [
357,
360
],
"target": "NBC"
},
{
"indices": [
395,
402
],
"target": "KXAS-TV"
},
{
"indices": [
452,
455
],
"target... | p_51 | Channel 11, as KFJZ-TV, first signed on the air at 2:30 p.m. on September 11, 1955, after a launch ceremony culminating in Fort Worth oilman Sid Richardson flipping the ceremonial switch to activate the transmitter. It was the first independent station to sign on in Texas, the fourth television station to sign on in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex (after NBC affiliate WBAP-TV (channel 5, now KXAS-TV), which signed on the air on September 29, 1948; ABC affiliate KBTV (channel 8, now WFAA), which debuted on September 17, 1949; and CBS affiliate KRLD-TV (channel 4, now Fox owned-and-operated station KDFW), which debuted on December 3, 1949), and the first to debut in the market since the FCC's 1952 lifting of a four-year freeze on new applications for television station licenses. Originally, Channel 11 maintained a 9½-hour per day programming schedule, starting with its sign-on at 2:30 p.m. and concluding at its midnight sign-off. The station originally operated from facilities at 4801 West Freeway (in the present-day location of Interstate 30) in Fort Worth.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 63,
"passage": "interstate 30",
"start": 53,
"text": "366.76 mi "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
El Teniente | [
{
"indices": [
11,
14
],
"target": "Ore"
},
{
"indices": [
78,
103
],
"target": "Mineralization (geology)"
},
{
"indices": [
133,
145
],
"target": "Chalcopyrite"
},
{
"indices": [
147,
153
],
"target": "Pyrit... | p_52 | The copper ore deposits are those of a typical copper porphyry and associated alteration-mineralization. These altered zones include chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite and molybdenite as hypogene minerals and chalcocite as a supergene mineral. The ore body surrounds the Braden Pipe in a continuous ring with a width of 2000 feet. The pipe is a geologic structure in the shape of an inverted cone, having a surface diameter of 4000 feet, and consisting of post-pipe breccia called the Braden Formation. The boundary of the pipe is marked by this post-pipe breccia and a pre-pipe breccia forming a belt up to 200 feet wide. "The Braden Pipe was a center of strong mineralization and structural weakness before the pipe was formed." Copper mineralization and pipe formation occurred in the Pliocene. Ore was originally mined from the Fortuna orebody at the southwest quadrant starting in 1906. Since 1922, the larger Teniente orebody has also been mined on the east side. "The best grade of ore is found in altered andesite or in andesitic flow breccia adjacent to the pre-pipe breccia."
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 153,
"passage": "pliocene",
"start": 113,
"text": "from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
... |
WLRA | [
{
"indices": [
501,
509
],
"target": "MiniDisc"
},
{
"indices": [
537,
540
],
"target": "Digital Audio Tape"
},
{
"indices": [
543,
547
],
"target": "Integrated Services Digital Network"
},
{
"indices": [
570,
574
... | p_53 | Lewis University's WLRA Radio was the first college radio station in the country to become digital. Lewis University received a $350,000 digital broadcasting project grant in the 1990s from philanthropy of The Andrew Corporation, a leading worldwide communications corporation. The studios, music archives, music scheduling system, audio storage and retrieval systems (including an AES/EBU Broadcast Electronics – Audiovault serial number 001 and 002), digital audio consoles, CD players & recorders, minidisc players and recorders, and DAT), ISDN digital phone system, ISDN and IP remote broadcast codecs, Optimod 8700 AES/EBU audio processing, AES/EBU broadcast delay, Harris Digit AES/EBU fm exciter, and transmitters were upgraded from analog to state of the art digital AES3 type I balanced and type II optical. The entire digital project was a joint venture with the Freberg Communications Corporation of Illinois, Harris Corporation of Florida, Pacific Research and Engineering of California, A-Ware Corporation (Musicmaster) of Wisconsin, and Broadcast Electronics Corporation of Illinois. WLRA also added RDS Radio Data System to the FM transmission allowing information about the artist and song to be displayed on a radio tuned to 88.1-FM. Lewis University installed a new self standing radio tower and new digital IBOC or HD Radio ready ERI Rototiler single bay fm antenna in 2000 adjacent to DeLaSalle Hall. WLRA increased the antenna height to HAAT and had to reduce the effective radiated power to 140 watts. WLRA moved from the basement of Fitzpatick Hall dormitory basement to new studios and broadcasting center in December 2005. The new broadcasting facility was named The Andrew Center of Electronic Media at Lewis University. The state of the art broadcasting studios and transmitters are located in DeLaSalle Hall on the Lewis University Romeoville campus. In 2005 WLRA began streaming a simulcast of the station over the Internet and in 2008 mobile media APPs for the Apple iPhone and iPod Touch. Simultaneously Apple added WLRA as one of their iTunes Radio Stations under College format. WLRA uses an AES3 Orban Opticodec audio processing/encoder for their 128kbs and 64kbs bit streams. In 2010, WLRA and Broadcast Electronics, Inc. integrated social media automation and Twitter with the newest generation of Broadcast Electronics AudioVault (FLEX) and Message Manager (TRE) RBDS data. The automation allow listeners to be notified of favorite artist being played through tagging. WLRA was the first station to have Broadcast Electronics integrate customer supplied computers, paving the way for other stations to upgrade into new generation Audiovault FLEX. In the Spring of 2012 WLRA was among the first 15 colleges selected to be part of Clear Channel Communication's iHeartRadio for both internet streaming and mobile media apps.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 2821,
"passage": "lewis university",
"start": 2806,
"text": "Brother Gaffney"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"ind... |
Mehboob Kotwal | [
{
"indices": [
36,
49
],
"target": "Ismail Darbar"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
246
],
"target": "Ram Gopal Varma"
},
{
"indices": [
307,
312
],
"target": "Antham"
},
{
"indices": [
341,
353
],
"target": "R. D. Bur... | p_54 | In 1986, Mehboob met music composer Ismail Darbar who used to play the violin in film orchestras in those days. And it was Darbar who taught him the difference between poetry and film lyrics. Darbar introduced Mehboob to filmmaker Ram Gopal Varma and he began his song writing career with Varma's 1992 film Drohi whose music was composed by R. D. Burman. He then worked with A.R.Rahman on Varma's Rangeela. Rahman liked his work and introduced him to Mani Ratnam and Mehboob penned the lyrics for the Hindi (dubbed) version of Bombay. Mehboob went on to work with Rahman on films such as Thakshak, Doli Saja Ke Rakhna and Dubbed version of Dil Hi Dil Mein. He has also written the lyrics for Rahman's non-film album Maa Tujhe Salaam as well as Ratnam's Yuva.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
289,
312
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Varma's 1992 film Drohi"
}
],
"qid": "q_98"... |
Sydney Kentridge | [
{
"indices": [
47,
80
],
"target": "Order of St Michael and St George"
},
{
"indices": [
134,
153
],
"target": "Order of the Baobab"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
240
],
"target": "University of Leicester"
},
{
"indices": [
249,
... | p_55 | Kentridge is a Knight Commander of the British Order of St Michael and St George (1999) and a Supreme Counsellor of the South African Order of the Baobab in Gold (2008). He has been awarded an Honorary LL.D. by the Universities of Leicester (1985), Cape Town (1987), Natal (1989), London (1995), Sussex (1997), Witwatersrand (2000) and Buckingham (2009). He was elected an Honorary Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford – his alma mater – in 1986. He is also a Fellow of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (1997), an Honorary Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers (1998) and an Honorary Member of the New York City Bar Association (2001). In March 2013, Kentridge was interviewed on the British radio show Desert Island Discs. In May 2013, he received a lifetime achievement award at the inaugural Halsbury Legal Awards. The South African General Bar Council awards an annual prize in Kentridge's name, the Sydney and Felicia Kentridge Award, for excellence in public interest law.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "countries",
"answer_value": "2",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
170,
354
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He has been awarded an Honorary LL.D. by the Unive... |
Tomasz Stańko | [
{
"indices": [
69,
78
],
"target": "Taj Mahal"
},
{
"indices": [
125,
138
],
"target": "Chico Freeman"
},
{
"indices": [
143,
157
],
"target": "Howard Johnson (jazz musician)"
},
{
"indices": [
212,
224
],
"t... | p_56 | During the 1980s, he traveled to India and recorded solo work in the Taj Mahal, and also worked with Vesala in groups led by Chico Freeman and Howard Johnson. In the mid-1980s, he began doing extensive work with Cecil Taylor, performing in his big bands and also led various groups of his own, including COCX (with Vitold Rek and Apostolis Anthimos). Then, before returning to ECM Records, Stańko also worked in a trio that included himself, Arild Andersen and Jon Christensen. In 1993, Stańko formed a new quartet composed of the then 16-year-old drummer Michał Miśkiewicz, along with Miśkiewicz's two friends, pianist Marcin Wasilewski and bassist Sławomir Kurkiewicz. That same year he also formed an international quartet that included Bobo Stenson, Tony Oxley and Anders Jormin. in 1994 the quartet released their first ECM recording titled Matka Joanna. In 1997, Stańko formed a group which performed the songs of pianist Krzysztof Komeda, touring London, Copenhagen, Stockholm and appearing at jazz festivals like those in Nancy and Berlin. The idea for the project came from ECM president Manfred Eicher.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "330",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
78
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "During the 1980s, he traveled to India and recorded sol... |
Everett Station | [
{
"indices": [
39,
45
],
"target": "Amtrak"
},
{
"indices": [
59,
67
],
"target": "Amtrak Cascades"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
88
],
"target": "Seattle"
},
{
"indices": [
93,
102
],
"target": "Vancouver"
},
{
... | p_57 | Everett Station is served by six daily Amtrak trains: four Cascades runs between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, and two Empire Builder runs between Seattle and Chicago. The station is also served by the North Line of Sound Transit's Sounder commuter rail service, running four trains in peak direction towards King Street Station in Seattle during the morning commute and four trains from Seattle during the evening commute, only on weekdays and during special events. Train service to Everett is most often disrupted and canceled during the autumn and winter seasons because of landslides along the shoreline of the Puget Sound, where the BNSF mainline tracks run. During the 2012–2013 winter season, a record-high of 206 passenger trains between Everett and Seattle were canceled, prompting the Washington State Department of Transportation to begin a three-year landslide mitigation project in 2013 that will stabilize slopes above the railroad between Seattle and Everett.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
793,
938
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "prompting the Washington State Department of Transportati... |
Amiga productivity software | [
{
"indices": [
0,
21
],
"target": "Richmond Sound Design"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
53
],
"target": "Show control"
},
{
"indices": [
70,
87
],
"target": "MIDI Show Control"
},
{
"indices": [
102,
114
],
"target":... | p_58 | Richmond Sound Design (RSD) created both show control (a.k.a. MSC or "MIDI Show Control") and theatre sound design software which was used extensively in the theatre, theme park, display, exhibit, stage managing, show and themed entertainment industries in the 1980s and 1990s and at one point in the mid 90s, there were many high-profile shows at major theme parks around the world being controlled by Amigas through software simply called Stage Manager which then evolved into its Microsoft Windows version called ShowMan. There were dozens at Walt Disney World alone and more at all other Disney, Universal Studios, Six Flags and Madame Tussauds properties as well as in many venues in Las Vegas including The Mirage hotel Volcano and Siegfried and Roy show, the MGM Grand EFX show, Broadway theatre, London's West End, the Royal Shakespeare Company's many venues, most of Branson, Missouri's theatres, and scores of theatres on cruise ships, amongst hundreds of others. RSD purchased used Amigas on the web and reconditioned them to provide enough systems for all the shows that specified them and only stopped providing new Amiga installations in 2000. There are still an unknown number of shows on cruise ships and in themed venues being run by Amigas.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 176,
"passage": "richmond sound design",
"start": 172,
"text": "1972"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [... |
Paul F. Tompkins | [
{
"indices": [
75,
107
],
"target": "Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
125
],
"target": "King of the Hill"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
144
],
"target": "Bob's Burgers"
},
{
"indices": [
259,
281
... | p_59 | Tompkins has done voice work for many animated television series including Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist, King of the Hill, and Bob's Burgers, in which he voices the recurring character Randy. He lent his voice to a character in an unaired 2007 episode of Aqua Teen Hunger Force titled "Boston" that was supposed to be the premiere episode of the show's fifth season, but it was pulled by Turner Broadcasting System to avoid further controversy surrounding the 2007 Boston bomb scare. Tompkins later appeared in an episode during the show's 7th season. He was also the voice of one of the thugs in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 2010 computer animated film Tangled. Tompkins was the voice of Benton Criswell, a character in MTV series Super Adventure Team which featured marionettes in the style of the 1960s British series Thunderbirds; the role was credited under the stage name Francis Mt. Pleasant. He was the voice of a puppet in ads for the Ford Focus. Tompkins plays Mr. Peanutbutter in the 2014 Netflix original animated series BoJack Horseman. Tompkins voices the recurring character, Gladstone Gander, in the reboot series of DuckTales.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
83
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Tompkins has done voice work for many animated television se... |
Communication for social change | [
{
"indices": [
165,
172
],
"target": "Poverty"
},
{
"indices": [
382,
398
],
"target": "Global recession"
},
{
"indices": [
1110,
1162
],
"target": "Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development"
},
{
"indices": [
1... | p_60 | World Bank classifies Latin America in the lower middle and upper middle income range. An estimated 181 million individuals (33.2 percent of the population) live in poverty and seventy-one million of these (12.9 percent) in indigence. Between 2002 and 2008, forty-one million people were able to sustain enough progress to no longer be characterized as poverty but with the current Global recession, this number has decreased by nine million. Ten of the 15 countries with the highest levels of inequality are in the region. Women, indigenous populations and those of African descent are most affected. Females in the region take a greater part in the informal economy and have double the workload than males but are paid less for their efforts. When compared to those of European descent, twice as many members of indigenous and African descended populations, on average, live on US$1 per day. Latin America still faces corrupt political, judicial, and security institutions protective of the interests of the wealthy. The second edition of the Global Burden of Armed Violence report by the Secretariat of the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development, released in October 2011, characterized El Salvador as being the "most violent country in the world" during 2004–9, with an average annual violent death rate of over 60 per 100,000 people during that period, just ahead of Iraq. During the first week of November (2011), Manuel Melgar (the justice and public security minister of El Salvador) resigned from his post. The region overall is second to South Africa in terms of levels of crime and violence. Educational practices are also being questioned across the region. Chile has been experiencing five months of protests against the government's attempt to maintain the higher education's private sector model. Students and teachers in opposition hope to revert to a state funded model, under an "Education for All" slogan in fear of emerging from universities with debts and loans. These street demonstrations, now catching congress' attention, are a threat to Chiles' 2012 budget. Without the proposed spending, potential education, health, training and anti-poverty programs will cease. In Latin America, risks of inflation and excessive currency appreciation are a concern to the region's long-term growth prospects and present instability in the financial sector. Current events such as the European debt crisis, the slow recovery in the US, natural and nuclear disasters in Japan and the implications from the political turmoil in the Middle East stall progress within the region and foreshadow more difficult economic conditions.
| [
{
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
235,
442
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Between 2002 and 2008, forty-one million people were able... |
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert | [
{
"indices": [
8,
26
],
"target": "Lindenthal, Cologne"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
94
],
"target": "Nazism"
},
{
"indices": [
158,
175
],
"target": "Jagdgeschwader 77"
},
{
"indices": [
216,
236
],
"target": "Oper... | p_61 | Born in Cologne-Lindenthal, Reinert volunteered for military service in the National Socialist Luftwaffe in 1938. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing). He fought in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, and claimed his first aerial victory on 8 August 1941. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross following his 53rd aerial victory. Accumulating further victories, he surpassed the century mark in October 1942 for which he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. In November 1942, his unit was transferred to the Mediterranean theatre in support of the Afrika Korps. There, Reinert claimed 51 victories against the Western Allies. In August 1943, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 77, and in February 1944 the 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing) based in France. Reinert was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of IV. Gruppe (4th group) of JG 27 and, credited with 174 aerial victories, received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords on 30 January 1945. He then received conversion training to the then new Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter and was posted to Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing), an all-jet fighter wing.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 3017,
"passage": "jagdgeschwader 77",
"start": 3012,
"text": "Italy"
},
{
"end": 3034,
"passage": "jagdgeschwader 77",
"start": 3028,
"text": "Foggia"
}
... |
Alexios Schandermani | [
{
"indices": [
22,
28
],
"target": "Tehran"
},
{
"indices": [
45,
49
],
"target": "Iran"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
89
],
"target": "Central Intelligence Agency"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
159
],
"target": "Mohammad M... | p_62 | Schandermani lived in Tehran, the capital of Iran. In 1953 US Central Intelligence Agency overthrew the Iranian government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh and restored Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Schandermani's father was a leftist politician. After CIA coup his father was arrested and sentenced to death. But he escaped from the detention centre and later on moved to the USSR where the Soviet officials granted him political asylum. In the early 60's Schandermani immigrated with his mother to Russia, where family was reunited. In 1961 he went to school in Moscow. Two years later he continued his school education in a special school for foreigners Interdom located in the Russian city Ivanovo. In 1971 he graduated from this school and moved to Dushanbe capitol of the former Soviet Republic of Tajikistan. In 1979 after the fall of the Shah's regime Schandermani went via West-Berlin back to Iran. After his arrival at the Tehran's airport Mehrabad he was arrested and jailed. Four days later he was expelled from the country to the German city Berlin, where he applied for political asylum. In 1992 he was naturalized and became citizen of the Federal Republic of Germany.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "2",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
51,
159
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1953 US Central Intelligence Agency overthrew the Ir... |
Tochitsukasa Tetsuo | [
{
"indices": [
29,
45
],
"target": "Nihon University"
},
{
"indices": [
96,
111
],
"target": "Kasugano stable"
},
{
"indices": [
146,
154
],
"target": "Makuuchi"
},
{
"indices": [
263,
273
],
"target": "Takan... | p_63 | A former amateur champion at Nihon University, he turned professional at the age of 23, joining Kasugano stable in March 1981. He reached the top makuuchi division in September 1983, and in 1984 he earned his first special prize for Fighting Spirit, and defeated Takanosato in his first ever bout against a yokozuna to earn his first of his three kinboshi. He spent most of 1985 in the second jūryō division, but in 1986 made the san'yaku ranks at komusubi. In November 1987 he scored 10–5 from the maegashira 6 ranking, defeating two ōzeki and winning the Technique Prize. This earned him promotion to his highest rank of sekiwake for the following tournament in January 1988. However, by the end of the year he was in jūryō again due to injury problems. He won the jūryō yūshō on two occasions in 1989 and won promotion back to the top division. After missing the September 1990 tournament he fell to jūryō again and made only one more appearance in makuuchi before retiring in May 1992 at the age of 34.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 90,
"passage": "nihon university",
"start": 85,
"text": "Japan"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Professor Tanaka | [
{
"indices": [
215,
248
],
"target": "World Tag Team Championship (WWE)"
},
{
"indices": [
298,
314
],
"target": "Ernie Roth"
},
{
"indices": [
375,
385
],
"target": "Sonny King (wrestler)"
},
{
"indices": [
390,
409... | p_64 | Tanaka subsequently teamed with Mitsu Arakawa in the WWF, acquiring the International Tagteam Championship; losing it at Madison Square Garden to Tony Marino and Victor Rivera. The team of Tanaka and Fuji won three WWWF World Tag Team Championships, with Blassie as manager for the third reign and The Grand Wizard as manager for the first two. They first won the belts from Sonny King and Chief Jay Strongbow on June 27, 1972 in Philadelphia, PA at a House show. They lost the belts to Haystacks Calhoun and Tony Garea on May 30, 1973, again at a Hamburg house show, but regained them on September 11, 1973 in Philadelphia, PA before losing them again to Tony Garea and Dean Ho on November 14, 1973, again in Hamburg. Their third win came on September 27, 1977 at a Philadelphia house show when they defeated Tony Garea and Larry Zbyszko in a tournament final for the vacant belts, holding them until March 14, 1978 when they lost the titles to Dino Bravo and Dominic DeNucci in Philadelphia. This third reign set a record for number of championship reigns which would be equalized by The Wild Samoans in 1983, Demolition in 1990, Money Inc. in 1993, The Quebecers in 1994 and The Smoking Gunns in 1996, but not bettered until The New Age Outlaws won a fourth reign in 1999.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
345,
409
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "They first won the belts from Sonny King and Chief Jay St... |
Robbie McCormack | [
{
"indices": [
77,
88
],
"target": "Carlaw Park"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
246
],
"target": "New South Wales rugby league team"
},
{
"indices": [
264,
291
],
"target": "1992 State of Origin series"
},
{
"indices": [
311,
... | p_65 | However, when tried at for the first time at hooker in 1992 against Manly at Carlaw Park, McCormack impressed immediately for his workrate and his ability to dart out of the dummy half position. McCormack was selected to represent New South Wales in game I of the 1992 State of Origin series and game II of the 1993 series when he replaced Benny Elias as hooker. Eventually becoming captain of the Knights, he was signed by Newcastle's new cross-town rivals the Hunter Mariners for the 1997 Super League (Australia) season. After that McCormack moved to the Super League to play for English club Wigan Warriors. He was named in 1998's Super League Dream Team. He also played at hooker for Wigan Warriors in their 1998 Super League Grand Final victory over Leeds Rhinos.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 3325,
"passage": "1993 state of origin series",
"start": 3316,
"text": "the Blues"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
John Backus (acoustician) | [
{
"indices": [
35,
51
],
"target": "Portland, Oregon"
},
{
"indices": [
73,
85
],
"target": "Reed College"
},
{
"indices": [
149,
183
],
"target": "University of California, Berkeley"
},
{
"indices": [
210,
225
]... | p_66 | John Backus was born and raised in Portland, Oregon, where he studied at Reed College, receiving a BA in 1932. He went on to graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he did research in nuclear physics at the Radiation Laboratory under Ernest Lawrence. He received an MA in 1936, and a PhD in 1940. In 1945 he was appointed Professor of Physics at the University of Southern California, a post he retained until his retirement in 1980. During the early part of his career, his research focussed on gaseous discharges in strong magnetic fields. He was also a musician, trained as a performer on piano, bassoon, clarinet and other woodwinds and received the degree of MMus in conducting from the University of Southern California in 1959. In his later career he turned increasingly to the study of musical acoustics, particularly those of wind instruments and organ pipes. In 1969 he published The Acoustical Foundations of Music, a book which became a standard text for introductory courses in musical acoustics. A second edition appeared in 1977. He received the Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America in 1986. Backus died in Los Angeles in 1988.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 2751,
"passage": "reed college",
"start": 2738,
"text": "Dexter Keezer"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices":... |
Douglas Gawler | [
{
"indices": [
19,
27
],
"target": "Adelaide"
},
{
"indices": [
29,
44
],
"target": "South Australia"
},
{
"indices": [
107,
120
],
"target": "George Gawler"
},
{
"indices": [
137,
164
],
"target": "Governor ... | p_67 | Gawler was born in Adelaide, South Australia, to Caroline (née Philpot) and Henry Gawler. His grandfather, George Gawler, was the second Governor of South Australia. Gawler attended St Peter's College, Adelaide, and then studied law at the University of Adelaide. Gawler was called to the bar in South Australia in 1886, and left for Western Australia later that year, establishing his own firm in Perth. At one time, he was in partnership with Robert Bruce Burnside, a future Supreme Court justice. Having previously served on the Peppermint Grove Road Board for a period, Gawler was elected to parliament at a 1910 Legislative Council by-election, which had been caused by the resignation of Walter Kingsmill. He died in office in May 1915 (aged 54), of typhoid fever. He had married Eva Mary Waldeck in 1893, with whom he had four children.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 310,
"passage": "adelaide",
"start": 295,
"text": "Gulf St Vincent"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Bruce E. Maryanoff | [
{
"indices": [
43,
62
],
"target": "Medicinal chemistry"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
84
],
"target": "Organic chemistry"
},
{
"indices": [
107,
117
],
"target": "Topiramate"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
213
],
"target": ... | p_68 | Maryanoff has been active in the fields of medicinal chemistry and organic chemistry. He is an inventor of topiramate, a unique sugar sulfamate drug, which has been marketed worldwide for the treatment of epilepsy and migraine, attaining annual sales of more than $2 billion. Topiramate is also a principal component of the antiobesity drug Qsymia. Maryanoff is an internationally renowned expert in drug design and drug discovery, especially in the application of protein structure-based drug design. He made seminal contributions to understanding the stereochemistry and mechanism of the Wittig reaction; adapted the cobalt-catalyzed alkyne trimerization to the synthesis of macrocycles; and devised novel peptides that undergo self-assembly to mimic native collagen structurally and functionally. Maryanoff is an author on 280 scientific publications, including several books (editor), book chapters, and review articles. He is an inventor on 100 issued U.S. patents, has presented over 185 invited lectures worldwide, and mentored 11 postdoctoral associates. Maryanoff organized and edited a special memorial issue of the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry to honor the memory of Dr. Paul Janssen (2005) and has served on numerous editorial advisory boards for scientific journals and research grant review committees.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 10034,
"passage": "topiramate",
"start": 10029,
"text": "1979 "
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
2008–09 S.L. Benfica season | [
{
"indices": [
45,
58
],
"target": "Primeira Liga"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
81
],
"target": "Rio Ave F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
122,
144
],
"target": "Jonathan Urretaviscaya"
},
{
"indices": [
169,
186
],
"target":... | p_69 | Benfica's first competitive game was an away Primeira Liga opener against Rio Ave. Sánchez Flores did not have Reyes, and Jonathan Urretaviscaya started instead. At the Estádio dos Arcos, the home team scored first with a 55th-minute goal from José Semedo. A minute later Benfica evened the score, with Urreta assisting Nuno Gomes for the 1–1 final result. It was the fourth consecutive time that Benfica failed to win their league start. Sánchez Flores said that Rio Ave created unexpected problems: "It was not a easy game. We had a quality opponent, who left us trailing when we were not expecting it." During the last week of August Benfica brought in Honduran striker David Suazo on loan, sold right-back Nélson Marcos to Betis and was paired with Italian side Napoli in the UEFA Cup first-round draw on 29 August. A day later, Benfica hosted Porto for the first Clássico of the season. The visitors started better, converting a 10th-minute penalty kick for a Kostas Katsouranis foul against Lucho González. In the 56th minute, Cardozo exploited a mistake by Helton to head in the equaliser. Three minutes later Katsouranis was sent off, but Benfica held the tie until the final whistle. Quique Flores said, "It was a good game. In normal conditions we would have done better, but circumstances made it a little harder."
| [] |
Land of Ev | [
{
"indices": [
45,
53
],
"target": "List of Oz books"
},
{
"indices": [
57,
70
],
"target": "L. Frank Baum"
},
{
"indices": [
144,
158
],
"target": "The Road to Oz"
},
{
"indices": [
197,
207
],
"target": "La... | p_70 | The Land of Ev is a fictional country in the Oz books of L. Frank Baum and his successors. Its exact location is unclear between text and maps. The Road to Oz states that Ev is to the north of the Land of Oz, and in Ozma of Oz, Princess Ozma of Oz and her procession enter the Munchkin Country and meet the King of the Munchkins upon leaving the palace at Evna, the capital city. Subsequent books place Ev nearer to the Winkie Country, and the map on the endpapers of Tik-Tok of Oz shows the Munchkin Country as having no northern border with the desert that surrounds Oz, as a thin strip of the Gillikin Country extends even farther east than most of the Munchkin Country. This map depicts Ev as a small country to the northwest (the compass rose is reversed) of Oz, with the Dominions of the Nome King as a separate area. James E. Haff and Dick Martin's map, following the text, place the Nome Kingdom under an Ev that takes up the entire portion allotted to the Nome King's dominions on Baum's map.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
38,
70
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "in the Oz books of L. Frank Baum"
},
{
... |
Third Battle of Kharkov | [
{
"indices": [
14,
24
],
"target": "6th Army (Wehrmacht)"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
52
],
"target": "Battle of Stalingrad"
},
{
"indices": [
203,
217
],
"target": "Operation Star"
},
{
"indices": [
222,
238
],
"t... | p_71 | As the German Sixth Army was encircled in Stalingrad, the Red Army undertook a series of wider attacks against the rest of Army Group South. These culminated on 2 January 1943 when the Red Army launched Operation Star and Operation Gallop, which between January and early February broke German defenses and led to the Soviet recapture of Kharkov, Belgorod, Kursk, as well as Voroshilovgrad and Izium. The Soviet victories caused participating Soviet units to over-extend themselves, though this was largely due to Manstein's strategy of controlled retreat towards the Dneiper. Freed on 2 February by the surrender of the German Sixth Army, the Red Army's Central Front turned its attention west and on 25 February expanded its offensive against both Army Group South and Army Group Center. Months of continuous operations had taken a heavy toll on the Soviet forces and some divisions were reduced to 1,000–2,000 combat effective soldiers. On 19 February, Field Marshal Erich von Manstein launched his Kharkov counterstrike, using the fresh II SS Panzer Corps and two panzer armies. Manstein benefited greatly from the massive air support of Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen's Luftflotte 4, whose 1,214 aircraft flew over 1,000 sorties per day from 20 February to 15 March to support the German Army, a level of airpower equal to that during the Case Blue strategic offensive a year earlier.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
53
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "As the German Sixth Army was encircled in Stalingrad,"
... |
Robert "Big Mojo" Elem | [
{
"indices": [
17,
39
],
"target": "Itta Bena, Mississippi"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
88
],
"target": "Robert Nighthawk"
},
{
"indices": [
93,
103
],
"target": "Ike Turner"
},
{
"indices": [
201,
208
],
"target":... | p_72 | Elem was born in Itta Bena, Mississippi, United States. He studied both Robert Nighthawk and Ike Turner playing live, which inspired his own early rhythm guitar playing. By 1948, Elem had relocated to Chicago, Illinois, where he spent the rest of his life. Shortly after arriving, Elem picked up employment backing Arthur "Big Boy" Spires and then Lester Davenport. To avoid being in a large batch of jobbing rhythm guitarists all seeking work, Elem moved over to playing the electric bass guitar. In 1956, this instrument was something of a rarity in Chicago, and Elem formed a band with the harmonica player Earl Payton, and a young Freddie King on lead guitar. The same year, King recorded his debut single for El-Bee Records. The A-side was "Country Boy", a duet with Margaret Whitfield. The B-side, "That's What You Think", was a King vocal. Both tracks featured the guitar of Robert Lockwood Jr., and the bass playing of Elem. That relative success saw King installed as the bandleader, but Elem stayed mostly with King for the next eight years. During the 1950s and 1960s, Elem regularly appeared in Chicago's burgeoning club environment, mainly on the West Side. He variously backed Magic Sam, Junior Wells, Shakey Jake Harris, Jimmy Dawkins, and Luther Allison, in addition to having a brief spell in Otis Rush's backing band.
| [] |
Real Zaragoza | [
{
"indices": [
14,
26
],
"target": "Diego Milito"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
48
],
"target": "2006–07 La Liga"
},
{
"indices": [
71,
75
],
"target": "A.S. Roma"
},
{
"indices": [
78,
93
],
"target": "Francesco Tot... | p_73 | Mainly due to Diego Milito's 23 goals in 2006–07 (he finished third to Roma's Francesco Totti and Real Madrid's Ruud van Nistelrooy – 26 and 25 goals, respectively – in the European Golden Shoe race), Real Zaragoza finished in sixth position, thus qualifying to the UEFA Cup. However, the following season ended in relegation – for the second time in the decade – with the side also being eliminated in the first round in European competition. Legendary club coach Víctor Fernández returned for a second spell, although he was sacked in January 2008, as the club had four managers during the campaign. On the last matchday, a brace from Ricardo Oliveira proved insufficient in a 2–3 away loss against Mallorca, with the team totalling 42 points to Osasuna's 43.
| [
{
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{
"end": 4042,
"passage": "uefa europa league",
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"text": "Sevilla "
}
],
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},
"context": [
{
"indices"... |
I Canadian Corps | [
{
"indices": [
61,
77
],
"target": "Italian campaign (World War II)"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
119
],
"target": "Moro River Campaign"
},
{
"indices": [
128,
144
],
"target": "Battle of Ortona"
},
{
"indices": [
173,
188... | p_74 | However, the 1st Canadian Infantry Division took part in the Italian Campaign, participating in the Moro River Campaign and the Battle of Ortona in December 1943 as part of British V Corps and it was not until the fourth Battle of Monte Cassino (Operation Diadem) in May 1944 that I Canadian Corps fought its first battle as a corps. The Eighth Army held the Corps in reserve until after the Gustav defences in the Liri valley had been broken and then brought it forward to assault successfully the next defensive line, the Hitler Line, shortly before the Allied capture of Rome in early June. Having taken part in the Allies' northward advance to Florence, the Corps then took part in Operation Olive, the assault on the Gothic Line in September 1944 before being transported during January–February 1945 in Operation Goldflake to rejoin the rest of the First Canadian Army in Belgium and the Netherlands. There the Corps participated in the campaign to complete the liberation of the Netherlands. On May 6, 1945 at Wageningen, Lieutenant-General Foulkes received the final surrender by Colonel General Johannes Blaskowitz of all remaining German forces still active in the Netherlands. The Corps was deactivated on July 17, 1945 as part of general demobilization.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
79,
188
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "participating in the Moro River Campaign and the Battle of... |
Wellsville (village), New York | [
{
"indices": [
139,
152
],
"target": "Genesee River"
},
{
"indices": [
230,
239
],
"target": "Rochester, New York"
},
{
"indices": [
244,
256
],
"target": "Lake Ontario"
},
{
"indices": [
276,
294
],
"target"... | p_75 | Wellsville is located in the region of the Eastern Triple Divide, the cusp of the three major watersheds in the eastern United States. The Genesee River flows through the center of the village and the town of Wellsville, north to Rochester and Lake Ontario and then on to the St. Lawrence River and the Atlantic Ocean. In the Wellsville school district, in Alma, southwest of Wellsville, Honeoye Creek flows west to Oswayo Creek and then the Allegheny River, then to the Ohio and the Mississippi River, eventually to the Gulf of Mexico. And just over Jericho Hill to the northeast of Wellsville in the town of Alfred, the water flows to the east down the Canacadea Creek valley to the Canisteo River, eventually to the Susquehanna River and on to the Atlantic Ocean.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 59,
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"start": 51,
"text": " 61.0 mi"
}
],
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{
"indices": [
... |
2003 New England Patriots season | [
{
"indices": [
107,
119
],
"target": "David Givens"
},
{
"indices": [
206,
220
],
"target": "Ricky Williams"
},
{
"indices": [
318,
336
],
"target": "Hard Rock Stadium"
},
{
"indices": [
467,
482
],
"target":... | p_76 | Battling the Dolphins for the division lead, the Patriots erased a 13–6 gap with a Brady touchdown pass to David Givens in the third. The Dolphins marched down field late in the fourth; during this drive a Ricky Williams first down run was protested by the Patriots who felt Williams' knee touched the dirt infield at Pro Player Stadium, but the challenge was denied. The Dolphins attempted a 35-yard field goal at the two-minute warning, but the kick was blocked by Richard Seymour. The Dolphins smothered the Patriots' final drive attempt (the decisive play came when former Patriot Terrell Buckley stopped Kevin Faulk for a four-yard loss and the game went to overtime. Controversy ensued on the coin flip for overtime; referee Gerald Austin used a silver dollar; the coin came up Lady Columbia (which is "heads" on a silver dollar) but Patriot captains Brady and Seymour protested that it came up "tails." The Dolphins drove downfield but missed another 35-yard field goal try, in part because Olindo Mare couldn't plant his foot on the infield dirt, which was still in place because of the Florida Marlins' run towards their 2003 World Series victory; after forcing a Patriots punt Jay Fiedler was hit by Tedy Bruschi and lobbed a 60-yard pass picked off at the Patriots 18-yard line by Tyrone Poole. Brady then ended the game with a spectacular 82-yard touchdown strike to Troy Brown and a 19–13 final.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "seasons",
"answer_value": "4",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
133
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Battling the Dolphins for the division lead, the Patri... |
Colombia at the Olympics | [
{
"indices": [
36,
49
],
"target": "Olympic Games"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
108
],
"target": "1932 Summer Olympics"
},
{
"indices": [
133,
144
],
"target": "Jorge Perry"
},
{
"indices": [
173,
204
],
"target": "... | p_77 | A Colombian delegation attended the Olympic Games for the first time in the 1932 Summer Games in Los Angeles, with only one athlete: Jorge Perry. Perry sent a letter to the International Olympic Committee in January 1932 in which he introduces himself; described Colombia as "a little South American country aiming to grow its sporting structure and willing to be part of the olympic movement", and expressing his desire to take part in the then upcoming competition. The following month, Perry received an answer from the IOC. Fearful of being rejected, he slowly opened the letter. But surprisingly for him his request not only was accepted, but also help was offered for him before and during competition. On July 30, 1932, he paraded in the opening ceremony representing a country not affiliated to the IOC back then. He competed in the marathon, but after ten kilometers was unable to finish and the race was won by Argentina's Juan Carlos Zabala. Fourteen years later in 1946, Colombia's first olympian dies in Bogotá, 4 days after suffering a motorcycle accident near his native Samacá. For the 1936 edition of the Games, the Comité Olímpico Colombiano was already created and sent five athletes to compete in Berlin. After the controversial decision to replay a football match between Peru and Austria (after an adverse result for the Austrians), the Colombian delegation left the olympic village as a sign of support to the Peruvian team. After the conclusion of World War II, the 1948 London Olympics were held and the Colombian contingent for the first time included athletes from sports other than track and field, taking part in fencing and swimming. Due to financing problems and a then ongoing violent period, Colombia did not take part in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics. For the Melbourne Games in 1956, the Colombian team expanded from a few competitors to 26 athletes, sending cyclists and weightlifters for the first time. Colombian athletes continued participating at the Olympics since then without missing a Summer edition of the Games, sending females athletes to compete for the first time at the 1968 Summer Olympics held in Mexico City.
| [
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"text": "For the 1936 edition of the Games, the Comité Olímpico ... |
Bernhard Woldenga | [
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218,
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"target": "Gruppenkommandeur"
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"indices": [
296,
312
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"target": "Jagdgeschwader 1 (World War II)"
},
{
"indices": [
377,
395
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"target": "Invasion of Poland"
},
{
"indices": [
486,
5... | p_78 | Woldenga's career started as a captain in the merchant marine. He started his flight training in 1928 and worked as chief pilot for the FVK Warnemünde. He transferred to the newly emerging Luftwaffe, taking command as Gruppenkommandeur of the I./Jagdgeschwader 131 (JG 131) — later renamed to I./Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1) — on 1 April 1937. With this unit he participated in the invasion of Poland in 1939. He surrender command of the Gruppe on 1 February 1940 and was transferred to the Reichsluftfahrtministerium. He briefly led Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27) on the Channel Front from 11 October to 22 October 1940 before he was made Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77). Under this command, JG 77 participated in the Balkans Campaign and invasion of Crete. JG 77 claimed 50 aerial victories. Woldenga received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He commanded of JG 27 on 21 June 1941 during the invasion of the Soviet Union and claimed 4 aerial victories. He relocated the Geschwaderstab to North Africa in December 1941. He was appointed Fliegerführer Balkan on 10 June 1942. His last service position of the war was commander of the Luftkriegschule 10 in Fürstenwalde near Berlin. He is credited with three aerial victories of which two were claimed on the Eastern Front.
| [
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"answer": {
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{
"end": 178,
"passage": "balkans campaign (world war ii)",
"start": 172,
"text": " Italy"
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{
"end": 261,
"passage": "balkans campaign (world war ii)",
"start": 254,
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Government in exile | [
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"indices": [
99,
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"target": "Monarch"
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189,
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"target": "House of Stuart"
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{
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242,
257
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"target": "Oliver Cromwell"
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{
"indices": [
275,
294
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"target": "Glori... | p_79 | The phenomenon of a government in exile predates the formal utilization of the term. In periods of monarchical government, exiled monarchs or dynasties sometimes set up exile courts—as the House of Stuart did when driven from their throne by Oliver Cromwell and again at the Glorious Revolution (see ). The House of Bourbon would be another example because it continued to be recognized by other countries at the time as the legitimate government of France after it was overthrown by the populace during the French Revolution. This continued to last through the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Napoleonic Wars from 1803–04 to 1815. With the spread of constitutional monarchy, monarchical governments which were exiled started to include a prime minister, such as the Dutch government during World War II headed by Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy.
| [
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{
"indices": [
593,
633
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"text": "the Napoleonic Wars from 1803–04 to 1815"
},
... |
Roscoe Brady | [
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"indices": [
16,
45
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},
{
"indices": [
80,
102
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"target": "Harvard Medical School"
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{
"indices": [
147,
173
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"target": "University of Pennsylvania"
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{
"indices": [
275,... | p_80 | He attended the Pennsylvania State University and obtained his M.D. degree from Harvard Medical School in 1947. He interned at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. From 1948 to 1952 he was a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Physiological Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and fellow in clinical medicine in the Department of Medicine. In collaboration with Samuel Gurin at the University of Pennsylvania, Brady discovered the enzyme system for the biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids, and later discovered the role of malonate coenzyme A in this process. After two and one-half years on active duty in the U.S. Naval Medical Corps, he joined the National Institutes of Health in 1954. He was Chief of the Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke from 1972 to 2006. Dr. Brady and his colleagues identified the enzymatic defects in Gaucher's disease, Niemann–Pick disease, Fabry disease and the specific metabolic abnormality in Tay–Sachs disease. He and his associates developed diagnostic, carrier detection, prenatal tests for these conditions, and effective enzyme replacement therapy for patients with Gaucher disease and Fabry disease. These were the first-ever enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) treatments for lysosomal diseases, and directly led to great advances in the development of enzyme replacement therapies for some of the other lysosomal diseases, by many different researchers who were inspired by Dr. Brady. (An international research and development effort for new ERT for several devastating lysosomal diseases continues today at an intense pace, and numerous ERT clinical trials are underway.) Late in his life, Dr. Brady was investigating substrate depletion, molecular chaperone therapy, and gene therapy for patients with metabolic storage disorders.
| [
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110
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"text": "He attended the Pennsylvania State University and obtained ... |
Achille Van Acker | [
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{
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"target": "Bruges"
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258
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"target": "Social club"
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{
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"target": "World War I"
... | p_81 | Achille Honoré Van Acker was born into a working class family in Bruges, Belgium in 1898 as the youngest of 12 children. He only attended school until the age of 11. Despite entering the workforce, Van Acker read widely and joined several social associations in Bruges. At the outbreak of World War I, he was refused by the Belgian Army because he suffered from astigmatism. While the Germans occupied most of Belgium, Van Acker fled into the small section of unoccupied territory behind the Yser Front where he worked in various menial capacities. Mixing with Belgian soldiers during the war, Van Acker became involved in socialist politics, developing a distinctive ideology based on moderate social democracy. After the end of the war, he returned to Bruges and joined the Belgian Labour Party (Belgische Werkliedenpartij, POB–BWP) and became active in socialist groups, trade unions, and cooperatives.
| [
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"text": "At the outbreak of World War I, he was refused by the Bel... |
Rollin Jarrett | [
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"target": "South Florida"
},
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133
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"target": "Film"
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254,
267
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"target": "The Bodyguard (1992 film)"
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{
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273,
286
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"target": "K... | p_82 | Jarrett's career began in South Florida, where he was a successful stage and commercial actor and print model. His first feature film role was in the teen comedy "Summer Job", where he played an effete hairdresser. Next came minor roles in such films as The Bodyguard with Kevin Costner and Whitney Houston as well as Miami Vice and Unsolved Mysteries. Jarrett also hosted several nationally syndicated television shows, such as "Flight," "American Automotive," and "Better Farming" for SportsChannel America, as well as an exercise video with world championship boxer Alexis Arguello called "Boxercise." In 1992, Jarrett journeyed to Los Angeles and turned his attention to screenwriting. His original screenplay Laws of Deception was made into a film in 1997 and starred C. Thomas Howell, James Russo and Brian Austin Green and was directed by Joey Travolta, brother of John Travolta. Jarrett had a small role in this film as Mr. Farina, a corrupt businessman. Another original script entitled American Vampire was produced and starred Carmen Electra, Sydney Lassick, and Adam West. It was Carmen Electra's first feature. In 2003, Jarrett appeared as a contestant on the brainy television game show Jeopardy! as Rollin Jewett. In 2004, Jarrett was commissioned by Scott Reeves and Aaron Benward, the popular country music duo known as Blue County, to write a script in which they were to costar as brothers in a fictional place called Blue County. As the duo's music became more popular, the film was postponed and Benward and Reeves used the name for their band, which is still touring today. In 2017, his feature screenplay "Demons 4 Dummies" was a finalist in the Final Draft Big Break Screenwriting Contest.
| [
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"indices"... |
William Grey Walter | [
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19,
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"target": "Kansas City, Missouri"
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{
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"target": "Missouri"
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{
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181,
188
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"target": "England"
},
{
"indices": [
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232
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"target": "Westminst... | p_83 | Walter was born in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, in 1910. His ancestry was German/British on his father's side, and American/British on his mother's side. He was brought to England in 1915, and educated at Westminster School and afterwards in King's College, Cambridge, in 1931. He failed to obtain a research fellowship in Cambridge and so turned to doing basic and applied neurophysiological research in hospitals, in London, from 1935 to 1939 and then at the Burden Neurological Institute in Bristol, from 1939 to 1970. He also carried out research work in the United States, in the Soviet Union and in various other places in Europe. He married twice, had two sons from his first marriage, and one from the second. According to his eldest son, Nicolas Walter, "he was politically on the left, a communist fellow-traveller before the Second World War and an anarchist sympathiser after it." Throughout his life he was a pioneer in the field of cybernetics. In 1970, he suffered a brain injury in a motor scooter accident. He never fully recovered and died seven years later, on May 6, 1977.
| [
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"context": [
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"indices": [
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770
],
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"text": "his eldest son, Nicolas Walter"
},
{
... |
History of Sega | [
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45,
51
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"target": "Market (economics)"
},
{
"indices": [
94,
113
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"target": "Video game console"
},
{
"indices": [
132,
139
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"target": "SG-1000"
},
{
"indices": [
144,
157
],
"target": "M... | p_84 | In response to a downturn in the arcade-game market in the early 1980s, Sega began to develop video game consoles—starting with the SG-1000 and Master System—but struggled against competing products such as the Nintendo Entertainment System. Around the same time, Sega executives David Rosen and Hayao Nakayama executed a management buyout of the company with backing from CSK Corporation. Sega released its next console, the Sega Genesis (known as the Mega Drive outside North America) in 1988. Although it initially struggled, the Genesis became a major success after the release of Sonic the Hedgehog in 1991. Sega's marketing strategy, particularly in North America, helped the Genesis outsell main competitor Nintendo and their Super Nintendo Entertainment System for four consecutive Christmas seasons in the early 1990s. While the Game Gear and Sega CD achieved less, Sega's arcade business was also successful into the mid 1990s.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"text": "1968"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
242,
... |
Human trafficking in Mali | [
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"indices": [
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4
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Human trafficking"
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{
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168,
187
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"target": "Forced prostitution"
},
{
"indices": [
279,
291
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"target": "Prosti... | p_85 | Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and, to a lesser extent, forced prostitution. Within Mali, women and girls are forced into domestic servitude and, to a limited extent, prostitution. Malian boys are found in conditions of forced begging and forced labor in gold mines and agricultural settings both within Mali and neighboring countries. Reports indicate that Malian children are trafficked to Senegal and Guinea for forced labor in gold mines and for forced labor on cotton and cocoa farms in Côte d'Ivoire. Boys from Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger and other countries are forced into begging and exploited for labor by religious instructors within Mali and across borders. Adult men and boys, primarily of Songhai ethnicity, are subjected to the longstanding practice of debt bondage in the salt mines of Taoudenni in northern Mali. Some members of Mali's black Tamachek community are subjected to traditional slavery-related practices rooted in hereditary master-slave relationships.
| [
{
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"text": "Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men,... |
List of international goals scored by Alexis Sánchez | [
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14
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"target": "Alexis Sánchez"
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{
"indices": [
41,
51
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"target": "Association football"
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{
"indices": [
71,
99
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"target": "Chile national football team"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
112
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... | p_86 | Alexis Sánchez is a Chilean professional footballer who represents the Chile national football team as a striker. Nicknamed El Niño Maravilla ("The Boy Wonder"), he made his debut for his country in a 1–0 victory over New Zealand in April 2006. His first international goal came on his eighth appearance for Chile when he scored Chile's only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Switzerland in a friendly tournament in Vienna. , Sánchez is his country's top scorer and has the most caps, with 43 goals in 132 appearances. He passed the previous record of 37, held by Marcelo Salas, when he scored the opening goal against Germany in the group stage of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in June 2017. He scored most recently against Ecuador in a 2–1 win during the 2019 Copa América. Despite Sánchez scoring seven goals, making him second-equal top scorer in 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying (along with Lionel Messi, Gabriel Jesus and Felipe Caicedo), Chile failed to qualify for the finals. Sánchez made his most recent and 132nd appearance for Chile in a 0–0 draw against Colombia in October 2019.
| [
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"answer": {
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"answer_value": "17",
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"context": [
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"indices": [
162,
244
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "he made his debut for his country in a 1–0 victory ov... |
Malcolm McDowell | [
{
"indices": [
25,
38
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"target": "Samuel Loomis"
},
{
"indices": [
42,
52
],
"target": "Rob Zombie"
},
{
"indices": [
66,
75
],
"target": "Halloween (2007 film)"
},
{
"indices": [
80,
92
],
"target": "Hallo... | p_87 | McDowell appeared as Dr. Samuel Loomis in Rob Zombie's remakes of Halloween and Halloween II (in 2007 and 2009, respectively). Although the films were not well received critically, they performed better at the box office and McDowell was widely praised for his performances and for being perfectly cast. He also played Desmond LaRochette in Robert Whitlow's The List (2007), and Irish patriarch Enda Doyle in Red Roses and Petrol (2003). His next film is the Canadian vampire comedy rock and roll film Suck (2009) with actor/director Rob Stefaniuk and the upcoming Alex Wright film Two Wolves. In December 2009, he made an appearance in the music video "Snuff" by the heavy metal band Slipknot. He appears, uncredited, as the curator Lombardi, in the film The Book of Eli (2010). McDowell portrayed Satan in the Christian comedy thriller film Suing the Devil (2011).
| [
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"text": "Halloween"
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... |
Jaya Prada | [
{
"indices": [
166,
172
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"target": "Telugu language"
},
{
"indices": [
178,
190
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"target": "Bhoomi Kosam"
},
{
"indices": [
562,
576
],
"target": "K. Balachander"
},
{
"indices": [
600,
615
],
"target": "... | p_88 | When Jaya Prada was a teenager, she performed a dance at her school's annual function. A film director in the audience offered her a three-minute dance number in the Telugu film Bhoomi Kosam. She was hesitant, but her family encouraged her to accept it. She was paid only 10 rupees for her work in the film, but the rushes of those three minutes of film were shown to the major figures of the Telugu film industry. Major filmmakers offered her starring roles in quality films, and she accepted them. She became a huge star in 1976 with major hit films. Director K. Balachander's black-and-white film Anthuleni Katha (1976) showcased her dramatic skills; K. Viswanath's color film Siri Siri Muvva (1976) showed her playing a mute girl with excellent dancing skills; and her title role as Sita in the big-budget mythological film Seetha Kalyanam confirmed her versatility. In 1977, she starred in Adavi Ramudu, which broke box office records and which permanently cemented her star status. The song "Aaresukoboyi Paresukunnanu" performed by Prada and co-star N.T. Rama Rao became a mass hit. Important filmmakers were casting her and repeating her in their films. Filmmaker Vijay introduced her to Kannada cinema in his 1977 super-hit movie Sanadi Appanna alongside Kannada matinee idol Raj Kumar. The movie is also known to be the only movie to feature shehnai rendition by Ustad Bismillah Khan. Jaya Prada repeated her successful pairing with Rajkumar in films such as Huliya Halina Mevu (1979), Kaviratna Kalidasa (1983) and Shabdavedhi (2000). In 1979, K. Balachander repeated her in the Tamil film Ninaithale Inikkum opposite Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth in which she played a terminally-ill patient. She continued to act in more films in Telugu opposite actors such NTR, ANR, Krishna, Krishnam Raju and Sobhan Babu throughout the 70s and 80s. K. Viswanath remade Siri Siri Muvva (1976) in Hindi as Sargam, introducing Jayaprada to Bollywood in 1979. The film was successful and she became a star there as well. She earned her first Filmfare nomination as Best Actress but couldn't capitalize on her success since she couldn't speak Hindi.
| [
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"answer": {
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"end": 80,
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"text": " K. B. Tilak"
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... |
Holmes Rolston III | [
{
"indices": [
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61
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"target": "Holmes Rolston III"
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{
"indices": [
95,
107
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"target": "Presbyterianism"
},
{
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267,
283
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"target": "Davidson College"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
317
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"targe... | p_89 | His grandfather and father Holmes Rolston, and Holmes Rolston Jr (who did not use the Jr) were Presbyterian ministers. Rolston III was married on June 1, 1956 to Jane Irving Wilson, with whom he has a daughter and son. He holds a B.S. in physics and mathematics from Davidson College (1953) and a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Union Presbyterian Seminary (1956). He was ordained to the ministry of the Presbyterian Church (USA) also in 1956. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1958; his advisor was Thomas F. Torrance. He earned an M.A. in the philosophy of science from the University of Pittsburgh in 1968, beginning his career later that year as an assistant professor of philosophy at Colorado State University and becoming a full professor in 1976. He became a University Distinguished Professor in 1992. He gave the Gifford Lectures, University of Edinburgh, 1998-1999. He was named Templeton Prize laureate in 2003. He has lectured by invitation on all seven continents. Colorado State University inaugurated the Holmes Rolston Endowed Chair in Environmental Ethics in October 2016; for the inaugural lecture by Kenneth Shockley, click here..
| [
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{
"indices": [
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180
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Rolston III was married on June 1, 1956 to Jane Irving Wi... |
Mare Tranquillitatis | [
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"target": "Apollo 17"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Franz (crater)"
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{
"indices": [
300,
305
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"target": "Lyell (lunar crater)"
},
{
"indices": [
341,
350
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"target": "... | p_90 | are three views of Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon, taken by the mapping camera of the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, facing south-southwest from an average altitude of 111 km on Revolution 36 of the mission. At the left is the east side of Mare Tranquillitatis, with the craters Franz (bottom right), Lyell (dark floor, right of center), and Taruntius (upper left). The "bay" of dark mare (basalt) at left is Sinus Concordiae, with "islands" of older, light highland material. At the right is the crater Cauchy, which lies between the Rupes Cauchy and Cauchy rille. The center photo shows the central mare with craters Vitruvius (lower right) and Gardner (bottom center). At the horizon are lighter highlands at the southern margin of the mare, near the Apollo 11 landing site. The crater Jansen is visible at the edges of both the center and right photos. The right photo shows the western mare, with the craters Dawes (lower left) and the large Plinius (43 km diameter), with the Plinius Rilles in the foreground. These photos were taken within minutes of each other as the command module America orbited the Moon. The Sun elevation drops from 46 degrees at left to 30 degrees at right.
| [
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"text": "Commander Eugene Cernan, Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt, and Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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Virginian Railway | [
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111,
125
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"target": "Partnership"
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{
"indices": [
151,
174
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"target": "H... | p_91 | Early in the 20th century, William Nelson Page, a civil engineer and coal mining manager, joined forces with a silent partner, industrialist financier Henry Huttleston Rogers (a principal of Standard Oil and one of the wealthiest men in the world), to develop the Deepwater Railway, a modest 85-mile long short line railroad to access untapped bituminous coal reserves in some of the most rugged sections of southern West Virginia. When Page was blocked by collusion of the bigger railroads, who refused to grant reasonable rates to interchange the coal traffic, he did not quit. As he continued building the original project, to provide their own link, using Rogers' resources and attorneys they quietly incorporated another intrastate railroad in Virginia, the Tidewater Railway. In this name, they secured the right-of-way needed all the way across Virginia to reach Hampton Roads, where a new coal pier was erected at Sewell's Point.
| [
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Parish Church of St Helier | [
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{
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139
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"target": "Chancel"
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{
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472,
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"target": "Edward VI of England"
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626
],
"target": "Hug... | p_92 | Until 1548 the interior of the building would have resembled the interior of any medieval church, with a rood screen separating the chancel from the nave (projections to support the screen can still be seen on the piers either side of the nave on the west side of the crossing). It is not known if there were ever wall paintings, but successive generations of plaster and whitewash over the last five centuries will have long concealed any which may have existed. In 1548 Edward VI ordered the destruction of all aspects of ‘Popish Superstition’ within the churches of his realm. The Jerseymen, strongly influenced by Huguenot immigrants fleeing persecution in France, carried out the King's orders with zeal, and all altars, fonts, holy water stoups and piscinas were removed, the rood screen was dismantled, the stained glass smashed and all but one bell was taken from the tower. A huge triple-decker pulpit was erected in the crossing and pews were arranged around it. Seven galleries were built, including one reserved for smokers. In spite of the return of Anglican worship in the 17th century, the church continued in this state until the 1860s, by which time it had fallen into considerable disrepair. A major project of restoration was undertaken to repair and re-order the building after the conventions of the Church of England. The pulpit was replaced by a much more modest affair at the north west corner of the crossing, the galleries were broken up, the pews were taken out and replaced by a new set facing the restored altar at the east end. The original font, left in the churchyard, was given to Grouville Parish Church and a new font installed. An extension was made to the west end of the Nave, and a new gallery was installed there and in the South Transept. New choir stalls were erected in the chancel. In 1930 these were replaced by another new set as a memorial to Charles George Renouf, a Jurat of the Royal Court (the stalls they replaced were given to St Andrew's Church). At the same time the level of the Chancel floor was raised. The South Chapel was re-ordered in 1952 as a memorial to Matthew le Marinel, Rector of St Helier and Dean of Jersey during the German Occupation (1940–45), and again in 2004 to make it more ‘user-friendly’. In 1997 a glass screen was erected to separate the nave extension from the rest of the church to create a narthex (reception area), new glass doors were installed at the west end and the font was moved from the west end to its original position by the North Door.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
464,
579
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1548 Edward VI ordered the destruction of all aspects ... |
Clara Katharina Pollaczek | [
{
"indices": [
0,
7
],
"target": "Austria"
},
{
"indices": [
12,
20
],
"target": "Anschluss"
},
{
"indices": [
26,
33
],
"target": "Nazi Germany"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
77
],
"target": "Nazi Party"
},
{
... | p_93 | Austria was subsumed into Germany in 1938. Germany had been governed by Nazis since 1933, according to the twin tenets of populism through the ages: hope and hatred. The hatred was focused on Communists and Jews, and took increasingly sinister and destructive forms. Clara Katharina Pollaczek was subject to antisemitic persecution. She may have owed her survival to her possession of a Czechoslovak passport, acquired as a result of the marriage to Pollaczek. Two days after German troops were welcomed by cheering crowds into Vienna marking Austria's incorporation into Nazi Germany, she crossed to Prague where she lived for a while. When, in 1939, the Germans completed their occupation of Czechoslovakia, she was visiting friends in Switzerland. She stayed in Switzerland, receiving financial support from relatives, till war ended in 1945. During this period she became a Roman Catholic. (The last practicing Jew in her family had been her grandfather.) In 1945 she joined her son Karl who had ended up in Gillingham in England, but he was married with children: the home was cramped and, unlike her younger son, Clara did not feel settled in England. It was her brother, the lawyer Otto Loeb, who organised her return to Vienna in 1948.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 22726,
"passage": "switzerland",
"start": 22717,
"text": "8 million"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Edward Joyce | [
{
"indices": [
52,
100
],
"target": "Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
125
],
"target": "James Byrne (Bishop of Toowoomba)"
},
{
"indices": [
154,
163
],
"target": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Toowoo... | p_94 | Joyce was ordained priest on 31 October 1930 in the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament, Christchurch by his uncle James Byrne, the 1st Catholic Bishop of Toowoomba. He then spent three years in Auckland and was the chaplain at Sacred Heart College, then located in Ponsonby. Joyce returned to Christchurch in 1934 to be assistant priest at Addington and then at Riccarton. In 1937 he was loaned to the Diocese of Toowoomba where he assisted his uncle James Byrne until he died on 11 February 1938. In 1941 Joyce was appointed chaplain to the New Zealand Military Forces and served with New Zealand troops in Tonga and Fiji. In Fiji he was attached to the headquarters of the Fiji Infantry Brigade Group and was associated with many activities for the promotion of the welfare of the troops in his area. After his demobilisation in 1945, Joyce was posted to the reserve of officers with the rank of Major He was stationed at the Cathedral in Christchurch and engaged in rehabilitation work for returned soldiers. He represented Bishop Lyons for three years on the Labour Department immigration committee. At the same time he was involved with general Catholic activities being spiritual adviser to the Catholic Women's League and the Catholic Men's Luncheon Club. Joyce was very involved during the Ballantyne's fire tragedy of 1947 and represented Bishop Lyons at the mass funeral for the victims. Joyce became parish priest at Sockburn in 1947.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "60",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
125
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Joyce was ordained priest on 31 October 1930 in the Cat... |
William Kunstler | [
{
"indices": [
42,
50
],
"target": "Ron Kuby"
},
{
"indices": [
184,
201
],
"target": "Omar Abdel-Rahman"
},
{
"indices": [
287,
318
],
"target": "1993 World Trade Center bombing"
},
{
"indices": [
364,
399
],
... | p_95 | From 1983 until Kunstler's death in 1995, Ron Kuby was his junior partner. The two took on controversial civil rights and criminal cases, including cases where they represented Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, head of the Egyptian-based terrorist group Gama'a al-Islamiyah, responsible for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing; Colin Ferguson, the man responsible for the 1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting, who would later reject Kuby & Kunstler's legal counsel and choose to represent himself at trial; Qubilah Shabazz, the daughter of Malcolm X, accused of plotting to murder Louis Farrakhan of the Nation of Islam; Glenn Harris, a New York City public school teacher who absconded with a fifteen-year-old girl for two months; Nico Minardos, a flamboyant actor indicted by Rudy Giuliani for conspiracy to ship arms to Iran; Darrell Cabey, one of the persons shot by Bernard Goetz; and associates of the Gambino crime family.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "27",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
74
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "From 1983 until Kunstler's death in 1995, Ron Kuby was h... |
Misfit (songwriter) | [
{
"indices": [
25,
30
],
"target": "K-pop"
},
{
"indices": [
63,
81
],
"target": "SM Entertainment"
},
{
"indices": [
128,
140
],
"target": "Lucifer (Shinee album)"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
161
],
"target": "Sh... | p_96 | Misfit made her debut in K-Pop music industry as a lyricist at S.M. Entertainment after writing the lyrics for "Up & Down" and "Ready or Not", tracks from Shinee's second studio album Lucifer. The album was released on July 19, 2010. In 2011, she wrote the lyrics of f(x)'s single "Pinocchio (Danger)" along with fellow label-mate songwriter Kenzie. The single was released on April 20, 2011. Later that year, she continued working with the agency by writing the lyrics for Super Junior's "Walkin'", a track from their fifth studio album Mr. Simple. Her first work outside the company was writing the lyrics for "Someday", a single from U-Kiss's second album Neverland which was released on September 1, 2011.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 1192,
"passage": "lucifer (shinee album)",
"start": 1183,
"text": "Obsession"
},
{
"end": 1454,
"passage": "lucifer (shinee album)",
"start": 1443,
"text": "\"Yo... |
WVTV | [
{
"indices": [
36,
49
],
"target": "Oklahoma City"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
92
],
"target": "Ryman Hospitality Properties"
},
{
"indices": [
413,
420
],
"target": "Bowling"
},
{
"indices": [
514,
524
],
"target"... | p_97 | The WKY Television System, based in Oklahoma City and the forerunner to Gaylord Broadcasting, bought the station in 1966 and changed its call letters to WVTV. The new owners also built new studio facilities at the corner of North 35th Street and Capital Drive. This started the station on its path to becoming one of the most popular independent stations in the country, with strong local programming such as The Bowling Game (which would eventually be syndicated across the Midwest), along with a strong slate of syndicated programs such as cartoons, classic off-network sitcoms, more recent sitcoms, drama series, sports, and movies. Like its Gaylord stablemates, channel 18 focused on programming geared towards rural and suburban audiences located in Milwaukee's outer ring, opposed to the more urban fare presented by Milwaukee's other stations. Longtime staples on WVTV included Hee Haw (which was produced by sister division Gaylord Entertainment), The Lawrence Welk Show as well as syndicated reruns of Green Acres and The Andy Griffith Show. The station also aired All Star Wrestling during the 1970s and 1980s.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 2852,
"passage": "oklahoma city",
"start": 2848,
"text": "1889"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Mercenary | [
{
"indices": [
59,
72
],
"target": "Ancient Egypt"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
113
],
"target": "Pharaoh"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
125
],
"target": "Ramesses II"
},
{
"indices": [
235,
241
],
"target": "Medjay"
},... | p_98 | An early recorded use of foreign auxiliaries dates back to Ancient Egypt, the thirteenth century BC, when Pharaoh Ramesses II used 11,000 mercenaries during his battles. A long established foreign corps in the Egyptian forces were the Medjay—a generic term given to tribal scouts and light infantry recruited from Nubia serving from the late period of the Old Kingdom through that of the New Kingdom. Other warriors recruited from outside the borders of Egypt included Libyan, Syrian and Canaanite contingents under the New Kingdom and Sherdens from Sardinia who appear in their distinctive horned helmets on wall paintings as body guards for Ramesses II. Celtic mercenaries were greatly employed in the Greek world (leading to the sack of Delphi and the Celtic settlement of Galatia). The Greek rulers of Ptolemaic Egypt, too, used Celtic mercenaries. Carthage was unique for relying primarily on mercenaries to fight its wars, particularly Gaul and Spanish mercenaries.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "34",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
169
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "An early recorded use of foreign auxiliaries dates back... |
Sonceboz-Sombeval | [
{
"indices": [
41,
55
],
"target": "Col de Pierre Pertuis"
},
{
"indices": [
85,
94
],
"target": "Switzerland in the Roman era"
},
{
"indices": [
170,
179
],
"target": "Petinesca"
},
{
"indices": [
180,
190
],
... | p_99 | Its location at the foot of the historic Pierre Pertuis pass (in operation since the Roman era) made the villages an important stopping point and transportation hub. The Petinesca Roman road ran to the east of Sonceboz before it crossed the Jura mountains. The ruins of a 4th-century Roman settlement have been discovered at the Le Châtillon ridge. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, a medieval settlement developed over the Roman settlement. In 999 Moutier-Grandval Abbey gave the local farms and the Summavallis chapel to the Prince-Bishop of Basel. The Prince-Bishop assigned Moutier-Grandval Abbey to administer the village as the bailiff and the parish priest (placing the Abbey over the secular and spiritual needs of the village). This organization continued until Sonceboz and Sombeval accepted the Protestant Reformation in 1530. After the Reformation, the villages were under the secular administration of Erguel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Sonceboz-Sombeval became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Sonceboz-Sombeval was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
| [] |
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